Glossary of Terms

0x Protocol
0x Protocol is an open-source infrastructure that enables the decentralized trading of Ethereum-based tokens. Learn more about 0x Protocol in our glossary. Explore this glossary ter
24H Change
24H Change, which is short for ‘24-Hour Change’, shows the percentage price difference of a cryptocurrency or non-fungible token (NFT) in the market over a 24-hour time frame. Learn more about 24H Change in...
24H Volume
24H Volume shows the number of a cryptocurrency’s tokens traded over a 24-hour time frame. Learn more about 24H Volume in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key
3D Secure
3D Secure is an online payment security protocol designed to enhance the safety of internet transactions. Learn more about 3D Secure in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to u
51% Attack
A 51% attack happens when an individual or group with malicious intent controls more than 50% of a network’s mining hashrate. Learn more about 51% Attack in our glossary. Explore th
7D
7D, short for seven days, refers to price data that has been collected for a cryptocurrency over a 7-day period. Learn more about 7D in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to u

A One Time Password (OTP)
A One Time Password (OTP) is a security feature used to authenticate a user for a single transaction or login session. Learn more about A One Time Password (OTP) in our glossary. Ex
A2A Payments
A2A payments, or Account-to-Account payments, refer to the direct transfer of funds between two bank accounts, typically facilitated through digital platforms or banking apps. Learn more about A2A Payments i...
AI Agents
An AI agent is an autonomous software program designed to perform complex tasks on a decentralized network with little to no human input. Learn more about AI Agents in our glossary.
AI Coins
AI Coins are a form of digital currency specifically designed to facilitate transactions and incentivize activities within artificial intelligence ecosystems. Learn more about AI Coins in our glossary.
AI Data Center
An AI data center is a computing facility specifically built to train and run artificial intelligence models. Learn more about AI Data Center in our glossary. Explore this glossary
AML compliance
AML compliance refers to the adherence to laws, regulations, and procedures designed to prevent money laundering and other financial crimes. Learn more about AML compliance in our glossary.
API Key Management
API key management controls access credentials used to connect trading systems via API. Learn more about API Key Management in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand
API Throttling
API throttling is a technique used to control the amount of incoming requests to an API within a specific time frame. Learn more about API Throttling in our glossary. Explore this g
API request
An API (Application Programming Interface) request is a call made by a client to a server to retrieve or send data. Learn more about API request in our glossary. Explore this glossa
API response
API response refers to the data sent back by an API (Application Programming Interface) after receiving and processing a request from a client application. Learn more about API response in our glossary.
Abenomics
Abenomics refers to the economic policies and strategies implemented by Italian governments to address the country's economic challenges, drawing inspiration from Japan's Abenomics.
Abnormal Return
Abnormal Return refers to the difference between the actual return of a security and its expected return, often used to assess the impact of specific events on stock performance. Learn more about Abnormal Re...
Absolute Return
Absolute Return refers to the total return on an investment, measuring the gain or loss from the initial investment, regardless of market conditions. Learn more about Absolute Return in our glossary.
Account Abstraction
Account abstraction (AA) is a concept in blockchain that enhances security by separating the control of a user’s funds from the execution of smart contracts. Learn more about Account Abstraction in our gloss...
Accounting Method
An accounting method is a systematic approach used by businesses and organizations to record and report financial transactions. Learn more about Accounting Method in our glossary. E
Accredited investors
Accredited investors are individuals or entities that meet specific financial criteria, allowing them to invest in certain securities not available to the general public. Learn more about Accredited investor...
Accrual Accounting
Accrual Accounting is an accounting method where revenue and expenses are recorded when they are earned or incurred, regardless of when the cash transactions actually occur. Learn more about Accrual Accounti...
Accrue
Accrue refers to the gradual accumulation or increase of something over time, often used in financial contexts to describe the way interest, benefits, or obligations build up. Learn more about Accrue in our...
Accrued Income
Accrued income is revenue that has been earned but not yet received or recorded by the end of an accounting period. Learn more about Accrued Income in our glossary. Explore this glo
Accrued Interest
Accrued Interest refers to the interest that has accumulated on a loan or financial obligation but has not yet been paid or received. Learn more about Accrued Interest in our glossary.
Accrued Liabilities
Accrued Liabilities refer to expenses that a company has incurred but has not yet paid by the end of an accounting period. Learn more about Accrued Liabilities in our glossary. Expl
Accrued Revenue
Accrued revenue is income that has been earned but not yet received or recorded by the end of an accounting period. Learn more about Accrued Revenue in our glossary. Explore this gl
Accumulation Phase
The accumulation phase is the period in which an individual or entity builds up assets and investments, typically for long-term financial goals such as retirement. Learn more about Accumulation Phase in our...
Acid Test Ratio
The Acid Test Ratio, also known as the Quick Ratio, is a financial metric used to evaluate a company's short-term liquidity. Learn more about Acid Test Ratio in our glossary. Explor
Acquiring Bank
An acquiring bank, also known as an acquirer or merchant bank, is a financial institution that processes credit and debit card transactions on behalf of a merchant. Learn more about Acquiring Bank in our glo...
Acquisition Premium
An acquisition premium is the additional cost paid by a buyer over the market value of a target company during a merger or acquisition. Learn more about Acquisition Premium in our glossary.
Active Balance
Active balance is the proactive management of financial resources to maintain stability and support growth. Learn more about Active Balance in our glossary. Explore this glossary te
Active Management
Active management involves a hands-on approach where portfolio managers make specific investments with the goal of outperforming an investment benchmark index. Learn more about Active Management in our gloss...
Activist Investor
An activist investor is an individual or group that purchases significant shares in a publicly traded company with the goal of influencing its management and strategic direction. Learn more about Activist In...
Adam Back
Adam Back is a British cryptographer and cypherpunk known for inventing Hashcash, a proof-of-work system used in Bitcoin mining. Learn more about Adam Back in our glossary. Explore
Administrative expenses
Administrative expenses refer to the costs incurred by an organization that are not directly tied to a specific business function or product. Learn more about Administrative expenses in our glossary.
Adoption Curve
The Adoption Curve is a model that describes the process by which a new product, service, or innovation is adopted by different segments of the population over time, typically categorized into innovators,
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a widely used encryption algorithm established by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001 and designed to secure sensitive data.
Agency Execution
Agency execution is when a broker executes trades on behalf of a client without taking principal risk. Learn more about Agency Execution in our glossary. Explore this glossary term
Agency Problem
The agency problem arises when there's a conflict of interest between a principal (such as shareholders) and an agent (such as company executives), where the agent may act in their own best interests rather
Agency Theory
Agency Theory is a concept in economics and organizational management that explores the relationship between principals (such as shareholders) and agents (such as company executives).
Aggregate demand
Aggregate demand is the total quantity of goods and services that all consumers, businesses, government entities, and foreign buyers are willing and able to purchase within an economy at a given overall price
Aggregated liquidity
Aggregated liquidity refers to the process of combining liquidity from multiple sources to create a larger pool of available assets for trading or investment. Learn more about Aggregated liquidity in our glo...
Aggressive Investment Strategy
An aggressive investment strategy focuses on maximizing returns by taking higher risks, often involving a significant allocation to equities, high-yield bonds, and alternative investments.
Air Gap
In cybersecurity, an air gap is a security measure that involves isolating a computer or network from external connections, including the internet and other unsecured networks. Learn more about Air Gap in ou...
Airdrop
An airdrop is the distribution of cryptocurrency tokens or coins, usually unsolicited and for free, to multiple wallet addresses. Learn more about Airdrop in our glossary. Explore t
Airdrop Scams
An airdrop scam is a type of scheme that exploits the promise of free cryptocurrencies or NFTs to defraud users. Learn more about Airdrop Scams in our glossary. Explore this glossar
Akash Network
Akash Network is an open-source and decentralized platform that facilitates the buying and selling of cloud computing resources. Learn more about Akash Network in our glossary. Expl
Alan Greenspan
Alan Greenspan is an American economist who served as the Chairman of the Federal Reserve of the United States from 1987 to 2006. Learn more about Alan Greenspan in our glossary. Ex
Algorithm
An algorithm is a set of well-defined instructions used to perform calculations, accomplish a task, or solve a problem(s). Learn more about Algorithm in our glossary. Explore this g
Algorithmic Execution
Algorithmic execution refers to the use of computer algorithms to automate the process of executing large orders in financial markets. Learn more about Algorithmic Execution in our glossary.
Algorithmic Stablecoin
An algorithmic stablecoin is a type of cryptocurrency that uses algorithms and smart contracts to maintain a stable value. Learn more about Algorithmic Stablecoin in our glossary. E
Algorithmic arbitrage
Algorithmic arbitrage refers to the use of computer algorithms to exploit price discrepancies of the same or similar financial instruments across different markets or platforms. Learn more about Algorithmic...
Algorithmic orders
Algorithmic orders refer to the use of computer algorithms to automatically execute trading orders in financial markets. Learn more about Algorithmic orders in our glossary. Explore
Algotraders
An algotrader uses computer algorithms to automate trading decisions and execute trades in financial markets. Learn more about Algotraders in our glossary. Explore this glossary ter
All-Time High (ATH)
Short for ‘all-time high’, ATH refers to the historically highest price in market capitalisation of an asset. Learn more about All-Time High (ATH) in our glossary. Explore this glos
All-Time Low (ATL)
All-time low (ATL) refers to the lowest price a digital asset has ever reached in its entire trading history. Learn more about All-Time Low (ATL) in our glossary. Explore this gloss
Allocation
Allocation refers to the process of distributing resources, tasks, or responsibilities among various entities or individuals. Learn more about Allocation in our glossary. Explore th
Alpha
Crypto 'alpha' refers to a piece of information that is new or not common knowledge and has the potential to give a trader an edge in the market. Learn more about Alpha in our glossary.
Alpha version
Alpha version"refers to an early stage in the software development lifecycle where the product is still in its initial testing phase. Learn more about Alpha version in our glossary.
Altcoin
Any cryptocurrency other than Bitcoin is referred to as an altcoin. Learn more about Altcoin in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
Altcoin Summer
Altcoin summer refers to a period when altcoins significantly outperform Bitcoin, or otherwise attract heightened excitement. Learn more about Altcoin Summer in our glossary. Explor
Altcoin Trader
Altcoin Trader is a cryptocurrency trading platform that allows users to buy, sell, and trade various altcoins and digital assets. Learn more about Altcoin Trader in our glossary. E
Alternative Payment Methods (APMs)
Alternative Payment Methods (APMs) refer to payment options that differ from traditional credit card and cash transactions. Learn more about Alternative Payment Methods (APMs) in our glossary.
Alternative investments
Alternative investments refer to financial assets that fall outside the traditional categories of stocks, bonds, and cash. Learn more about Alternative investments in our glossary.
Amalgamation
Amalgamation refers to the process of combining or uniting multiple entities into a single, cohesive whole. Learn more about Amalgamation in our glossary. Explore this glossary term
Amazon Resource Name (ARN)
Arn can refer to several things depending on the context. Learn more about Amazon Resource Name (ARN) in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and appli
Amended return
An amended return is a tax form filed to correct errors or make changes to a previously submitted tax return. Learn more about Amended return in our glossary. Explore this glossary
Anarcho-capitalism
Anarcho-capitalism is a political philosophy that combines elements of anarchism and capitalism. Learn more about Anarcho-capitalism in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to u
Anchoring & Adjustment
Anchoring and Adjustment is a cognitive bias where individuals rely heavily on an initial piece of information (the "anchor") when making decisions, and make adjustments from that starting point to reach their
Annual Percentage Rate (APR)
The annual percentage rate is the estimated interest rate an individual earns for lending their crypto assets. Learn more about Annual Percentage Rate (APR) in our glossary. Explore
Annual percentage yield (APY)
Annual Percentage Yield (APY) is a financial term that represents the real rate of return earned on an investment or deposit account over a year, taking into account the effect of compounding interest.
Annual report
An annual report is a comprehensive document that provides a detailed overview of a company's financial performance and operations over the past year. Learn more about Annual report in our glossary.
Annualized Rate of Return
The annualized rate of return is the geometric average amount of money earned by an investment each year over a given time period. Learn more about Annualized Rate of Return in our glossary.
Anti-Money Laundering (AML)
Anti-money laundering (AML) refers to the procedures, laws, regulations, and any other tools intended to prevent money laundering. Learn more about Anti-Money Laundering (AML) in our glossary.
Anti-Phishing Code
An Anti-Phishing Code is a security feature to help protect from phishing attacks, where users can verify the authenticity of communications they receive, particularly via email. Learn more about Anti-Phishi...
Antpool
Antpool is a major Bitcoin mining pool operated by Bitmain Technologies, providing mining services and tools for cryptocurrency miners. Learn more about Antpool in our glossary. Exp
Apeing
Apeing is an internet slang term referring to traders who buy a token shortly after its launch or after discovering it without doing any firsthand or in-depth research. Learn more about Apeing in our glossary.
Application Layer
The application layer is the front-end layer of a blockchain, made up of programs that allow users to interact with a blockchain network. Learn more about Application Layer in our glossary.
Application Programming Interface (API)
API, short for Application Programming Interface, is a way for computer or software applications to communicate with each other. Learn more about Application Programming Interface (API) in our glossary.
Arbitrage
Arbitrage is a trading strategy in which a digital asset is bought in one market and sold in another to exploit the price difference for a profit. Learn more about Arbitrage in our glossary.
Arbitrageur
An arbitrageur is a financial professional who seeks to profit from price discrepancies in different markets or forms of an asset. Learn more about Arbitrageur in our glossary. Expl
Aroon Indicator
The Aroon Indicator is a technical analysis tool used in financial markets to identify the strength and direction of a trend. Learn more about Aroon Indicator in our glossary. Explo
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that enables machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, using techniques like machine learning (ML), neural networks, and
Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
An artificial neural network is a machine learning model that processes information using interconnected nodes, inspired by the human brain. Learn more about Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in our glossary.
Ascending Channel
Ascending channel is a strategy where traders identify and trade within a price range that is consistently moving upward, marked by parallel trend lines connecting higher highs and higher lows.
Ascending Wedge
An ascending wedge is a bearish chart pattern characterised by two converging trendlines that slope upwards. Learn more about Ascending Wedge in our glossary. Explore this glossary
Ask Me Anything (AMA)
Ask Me Anything is when representatives of a blockchain project engage in an open and interactive session with the community. Learn more about Ask Me Anything (AMA) in our glossary.
Ask Price
An ask price is the lowest amount at which a seller is willing to sell an asset such as a stock, bond, or cryptocurrency. Learn more about Ask Price in our glossary. Explore this gl
Asset Financing
Asset financing is a method of using a company's balance sheet assets, including short-term investments, inventory, and accounts receivable, to borrow money or get a loan. Learn more about Asset Financing in...
Asset Swap
An asset swap in cryptocurrency is a financial agreement where two parties exchange the cash flows or returns of different assets. Learn more about Asset Swap in our glossary. Explo
Asset based lending
Asset-based lending is a type of financing where a business secures a loan using its assets as collateral. Learn more about Asset based lending in our glossary. Explore this glossar
Asset class
An asset class is a group of financial instruments that share similar characteristics and behave similarly in the marketplace. Learn more about Asset class in our glossary. Explore
Asset rehypothecation
Asset rehypothecation refers to the practice where financial institutions, such as banks or brokers, use assets that have been posted as collateral by their clients for their own purposes, such as securing
Astroturfing
Astroturfing is the practice of creating a deceptive appearance of grassroots support for a cause, policy, or product, often through fake online reviews, comments, or social media activity.
Asymmetric encryption
Asymmetric encryption is a cryptographic technique that uses a pair of keys for secure data encryption and decryption. Learn more about Asymmetric encryption in our glossary. Explor
Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerance (ABFT)
Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerance (ABFT) allows honest nodes in a network to agree on the timing and order of transactions. Learn more about Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerance (ABFT) in our glossary.
Atomic Swap
An atomic swap is a peer-to-peer trading mechanism that facilitates the exchange of digital assets across separate chains without using intermediaries. Learn more about Atomic Swap in our glossary.
Attention Economy
The attention economy is an economic approach that views human attention as a finite or scarce resource that can be monetized. Learn more about Attention Economy in our glossary. Ex
Audit Trail Logging
Audit trail logging is a security process that involves recording a chronological sequence of events or activities in a system to track user actions and system changes. Learn more about Audit Trail Logging i...
Augmented Reality (AR)
Augmented reality is the real-time integration of digital information or objects into a user’s physical environment. Learn more about Augmented Reality (AR) in our glossary. Explore
Authorization Authentication
Authorization and authentication are two critical concepts in the realm of cybersecurity and access control. Learn more about Authorization Authentication in our glossary. Explore t
Automated Market Maker
An automated market maker defines the underlying protocol that provides liquidity to decentralized exchanges and determines asset prices. Learn more about Automated Market Maker in our glossary.
Automated Trading System
An automated trading system is a computer program that creates and executes buy and sell orders in financial markets based on predefined criteria and algorithms. Learn more about Automated Trading System in...
Automated collateral management
Automated collateral management refers to the use of technology and software solutions to streamline and optimize the processes involved in managing collateral in financial transactions.
Automated rebalancing
Automated rebalancing is a financial management process that uses technology to automatically adjust the allocation of assets in an investment portfolio. Learn more about Automated rebalancing in our glossary.
Autonomous NFT (aNFT)
An autonomous NFT is a non-fungible token programmed to initiate or perform its own transactions without human intervention. Learn more about Autonomous NFT (aNFT) in our glossary.
Autoscaling
Autoscaling is a cloud computing feature that automatically adjusts the number of active servers or resources in a computing environment based on current demand. Learn more about Autoscaling in our glossary.
Average Price (7D)
Average Price (7D) shows the average price paid for non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in a collection over a seven-day period. Learn more about Average Price (7D) in our glossary. Explore

BEP-20
BEP-20 is a token standard for the BNB Smart Chain. Learn more about BEP-20 in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
BRC-20
BRC-20 is a fungible token standard for the Bitcoin blockchain, enabling developers to create and transfer fungible tokens using the Ordinals protocol. Learn more about BRC-20 in our glossary.
BRC-720
BRC-720 is an AI-driven protocol for creating 3D NFTs. Learn more about BRC-720 in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
BTCFi
BTCFi refers to protocols and applications that bring decentralized finance functionality to the Bitcoin ecosystem. Learn more about BTCFi in our glossary. Explore this glossary ter
BTFD
In the crypto community, ‘BTFD’ is short for ‘Buy the f------ dip’, a common term used by supporters of a particular asset or the crypto market in general. Learn more about BTFD in our glossary.
BUIDL
The term “BUIDL” is a call for crypto users and enthusiasts to build and contribute to the progress of the blockchain and crypto space, as opposed to passively holding digital assets.
Back Running
Back running is the act of placing a sell order immediately after a large buy order has been executed. Learn more about Back Running in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to u
Backorder
A backorder is a customer order for a product that is temporarily out of stock but will be fulfilled once the item becomes available. Learn more about Backorder in our glossary. Exp
Backstop
A backstop is a safeguard or contingency measure designed to prevent undesirable outcomes or to provide support in case of failure. Learn more about Backstop in our glossary. Explor
Backtesting
Backtesting is a financial analysis process used to evaluate the effectiveness of a trading strategy or model by applying it to historical market data. Learn more about Backtesting in our glossary.
Backward Compatibility
Backward compatibility is the ability of a new version or update of a blockchain protocol or software to interact seamlessly with older versions of the same protocol. Learn more about Backward Compatibility...
Bag
In crypto, a bag refers to the amount of a specific cryptocurrency an investor holds. Learn more about Bag in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and
Bagholder
Bagholders are individuals who do not sell their assets, even if the price significantly drops or ends up at zero. Learn more about Bagholder in our glossary. Explore this glossary
Bail-In
A "Bail-In" is a financial mechanism used to rescue a failing bank by requiring its creditors and depositors to take a loss on their holdings. Learn more about Bail-In in our glossary.
Bait-and-Switch Scam
A bait-and-switch scam is when a victim is lured by a cheap product or service but later pressured to purchase a high-priced alternative. Learn more about Bait-and-Switch Scam in our glossary.
Bakers
In cryptocurrency, Bakers are participants in the Tezos blockchain responsible for validating transactions and creating new blocks. Learn more about Bakers in our glossary. Explore
Balanced Fund
A Balanced Fund is a type of investment fund that aims to provide a balanced mix of safety, income, and capital appreciation by investing in a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds, and other securities.
Balloon loan
A balloon loan is a type of loan that features relatively low monthly payments for a set period, followed by a large, lump-sum payment at the end of the term. Learn more about Balloon loan in our glossary.
Balloon payment
A balloon payment is a large, lump-sum payment due at the end of a loan term, typically used in loans with lower initial monthly payments. Learn more about Balloon payment in our glossary.
Bank Identifier Code (BIC)
A Bank Identifier Code (BIC), also known as a SWIFT code, is a unique identification code used to specify a particular bank or financial institution in international transactions. Learn more about Bank Ident...
Bank Run
A bank run occurs when many customers withdraw their funds from a bank due to concerns about the bank's insolvency or bankruptcy. Learn more about Bank Run in our glossary. Explore
Bank or International Settlements (BIS)
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international financial institution that serves as a bank for central banks, fostering global monetary and financial stability. Learn more about Bank or Int...
Bar chart
A bar chart is a graphical representation of data using rectangular bars or columns, where the length or height of each bar is proportional to the value it represents. Learn more about Bar chart in our gloss...
Basis Point
A basis point is a unit of measure used in finance to describe the percentage change in the value or rate of a financial instrument. Learn more about Basis Point in our glossary. Ex
Basket
A crypto basket is a collection of multiple cryptocurrencies grouped together, allowing investors to diversify their holdings by purchasing a single product that represents a variety of digital assets.
Bayes theorem
Bayes' Theorem is a fundamental concept in probability theory and statistics that describes how to update the probability of a hypothesis based on new evidence. Learn more about Bayes theorem in our glossary.
Beacon chain
The Beacon Chain is a fundamental component of Ethereum 2.0, designed to enhance the scalability, security, and sustainability of the Ethereum network. Learn more about Beacon chain in our glossary.
Bear Call Spread
A Bear Call Spread is an options trading strategy involving the sale of a call option at a lower strike price and the purchase of another call option at a higher strike price, both with the same expiration
Bear Hug
ChatGPT In the context of business and finance, a bear hug refers to an unsolicited and very generous acquisition offer made by one company to another. Learn more about Bear Hug in our glossary.
Bear Market
A cryptocurrency bear market describes when the market experiences a decline of at least 20% from recent highs. Learn more about Bear Market in our glossary. Explore this glossary t
Bear Trap
A bear trap is a term that defines a group of traders or an individual who tries to manipulate a cryptocurrency’s price. Learn more about Bear Trap in our glossary. Explore this glo
Bearwhale
A bearwhale is a cryptocurrency holder with large amounts of digital assets who uses their position to drive prices downward for profit. Learn more about Bearwhale in our glossary.
Benchmark Index
A benchmark index is a standard against which the performance of a security, mutual fund, or investment manager can be measured. Learn more about Benchmark Index in our glossary. Ex
Beneficiary
A beneficiary is an individual or entity designated to receive benefits, assets, or funds from a trust, will, insurance policy, retirement plan, or other financial arrangement. Learn more about Beneficiary i...
Best execution
Best execution refers to the obligation of brokers, dealers, and investment firms to execute client orders in a manner that is most advantageous to the client. Learn more about Best execution in our glossary.
Beta release
A beta release is a pre-release version of software that is made available to a limited audience outside of the organization developing it. Learn more about Beta release in our glossary.
Bid Price
The bid price is the highest price that a buyer is willing to pay for a particular asset, such as a cryptocurrency or stock. Learn more about Bid Price in our glossary. Explore this
Bid-Ask Spread
Bid-ask spread in crypto is the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for a specific asset. Learn more about Bid-Ask Spread in our...
Bid-ask spread analysis
Bid-ask spread analysis involves examining the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay for an asset (the bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept (the ask).
Big tech
Big tech refers to the largest and most influential technology companies in the world, typically including giants like Apple, Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Microsoft. Learn more about Big tech in our glossary.
Bin Code
Bin Code typically refers to a system or method used for categorizing, organizing, or identifying items, data, or information. Learn more about Bin Code in our glossary. Explore thi
Binance launchpad
Binance Launchpad is a platform developed by Binance, one of the world's leading cryptocurrency exchanges, designed to help blockchain projects raise funds and increase their visibility.
Biometric Authentication
Biometric authentication uses forms like fingerprints, facial/voice recognition, or iris scans to verify the identity of users. Learn more about Biometric Authentication in our glossary.
Birthday Attack
A birthday attack is a collision attack targeting systems that rely on hash functions, such as digital signatures and password storage. Learn more about Birthday Attack in our glossary.
BitLicense
BitLicense is a regulatory framework established by the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS) in 2015. Learn more about BitLicense in our glossary. Explore this gl
Bitcoin
Bitcoin is the first decentralised digital currency, created by an unknown person or group of people using the name Satoshi Nakamoto. Learn more about Bitcoin in our glossary. Explo
Bitcoin ATM
A Bitcoin ATM or BTM machine enables you to purchase Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies by depositing fiat currency or cash. Learn more about Bitcoin ATM in our glossary. Explore thi
Bitcoin Core
Bitcoin Core is the software used to connect to and interact with the Bitcoin peer-to-peer network. Learn more about Bitcoin Core in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to unde
Bitcoin Covenants
A Bitcoin covenant is a mechanism that enforces conditions or restrictions on how a Bitcoin transaction can be spent. Learn more about Bitcoin Covenants in our glossary. Explore thi
Bitcoin Dominance
Bitcoin dominance is the ratio between Bitcoin’s market cap and the market cap of the entire cryptocurrency market. Learn more about Bitcoin Dominance in our glossary. Explore this
Bitcoin ETF
Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) track the value of Bitcoin, providing traders with an opportunity to gain exposure to Bitcoin through traditional stock market exchanges. Learn more about Bitcoin ETF in...
Bitcoin Halving
Bitcoin halving occurs when the rewards for mining new blocks are halved after every 210,000 blocks of verified transactions. Learn more about Bitcoin Halving in our glossary. Explo
Bitcoin Improvement Proposal (BIP)
Bitcoin Improvement Proposal (BIP) is the standard documentation format for proposing changes to the Bitcoin network. Learn more about Bitcoin Improvement Proposal (BIP) in our glossary.
Bitcoin Inscriptions
Bitcoin inscription is the process of embedding arbitrary data or content onto a Satoshi, the smallest denomination of Bitcoin. Learn more about Bitcoin Inscriptions in our glossary.
Bitcoin Maxi
A Bitcoin maximalist is a hardcore Bitcoin advocate who believes that Bitcoin is sound money and trusts in BTC more than fiat or any other asset class. Learn more about Bitcoin Maxi in our glossary.
Bitcoin NFTs
Bitcoin NFTs refer to non-fungible tokens that are created, bought, or sold using the Bitcoin blockchain. Learn more about Bitcoin NFTs in our glossary. Explore this glossary term t
Bitcoin OG
Bitcoin OG, short for “Original Gangsta” or "Original Gangster,” is slang for the earliest adopters of the cryptocurrency. Learn more about Bitcoin OG in our glossary. Explore this
Bitcoin Pizza
Bitcoin Pizza refers to the well-known Bitcoin transaction in 2010 involving the purchase of two pizzas for 10,000 BTC. Learn more about Bitcoin Pizza in our glossary. Explore this
Bitcoin Reserve Act (BITCOIN Act)
The Bitcoin Reserve Act is a proposed piece of legislation laying out steps for the US government to hold Bitcoin as a strategic reserve. Learn more about Bitcoin Reserve Act (BITCOIN Act) in our glossary.
Bitcoin Runes
Bitcoin Runes are an alternative fungible token standard to the experimental BRC20 standard. Learn more about Bitcoin Runes in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand
Bitcoin Staking
Bitcoin Staking refers to earning rewards or yield on Bitcoin holdings via third-party platforms or protocols that put the Bitcoin to use. Learn more about Bitcoin Staking in our glossary.
Bitcoin Stamps
Bitcoin stamps define the technique of embedding metadata within Bitcoin transaction outputs. Learn more about Bitcoin Stamps in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understa
Bitcoin Strategic Reserve
Bitcoin strategic reserve refers to a significant amount of Bitcoin a monetary authority holds in a digital vault to mitigate inflation and market volatility. Learn more about Bitcoin Strategic Reserve in ou...
Bitcoin Treasury
A Bitcoin treasury is a strategy where companies hold Bitcoin as a reserve asset on their balance sheet instead of traditional cash or bonds. Learn more about Bitcoin Treasury in our glossary.
Bitcointalk
Bitcointalk is an online forum dedicated to discussions about Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies, and blockchain technology. Learn more about Bitcointalk in our glossary. Explore this glossa
Bits
A bit is a smaller unit or subdivision of a single Bitcoin, typically representing one millionth of a Bitcoin. Learn more about Bits in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to u
Bitstream
Bitstream refers to a continuous sequence of bits, which are the most basic units of data in computing and digital communications. Learn more about Bitstream in our glossary. Explor
Bittensor
Bittensor TAO is a decentralized, peer-to-peer network that enables users to create, deploy, share, and train machine learning models. Learn more about Bittensor in our glossary. Ex
Black Hat Hacker
A Black Hat Hacker is an individual who exploits computer systems, networks, or software for malicious purposes, often for personal gain or to cause harm. Learn more about Black Hat Hacker in our glossary.
Black swan event
A "Black Swan Event" refers to a highly improbable and unpredictable event that has massive, far-reaching consequences. Learn more about Black swan event in our glossary. Explore th
Black-Scholes Model
The Black-Scholes Model is a mathematical framework used for pricing European-style options and financial derivatives. Learn more about Black-Scholes Model in our glossary. Explore
Blackcat Ransomware
Blackcat ransomware is a type of malicious software written using the Rust programming language used to procure ransoms from victims. Learn more about Blackcat Ransomware in our glossary.
Blob
A blob is a large data packet temporarily stored on-chain to offer a low-cost data solution for Layer 2 rollups. Learn more about Blob in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
Block
A block in a blockchain is a dataset that contains transactions and other important information. Learn more about Block in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key
Block Header
A block header is the metadata that provides a summary of a block’s content. Learn more about Block Header in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and
Block Height
Block height refers to the number of blocks preceding a particular block in a blockchain, starting from the genesis block. Learn more about Block Height in our glossary. Explore thi
Block Producer
A block producer is an entity responsible for generating and validating new blocks in a blockchain network. Learn more about Block Producer in our glossary. Explore this glossary te
Block Reward
A block reward is a form of incentive provided to miners or validators for successfully adding a new block to the blockchain. Learn more about Block Reward in our glossary. Explore
Block Size
Block Size refers to the amount of data that can be processed or transferred in a single unit within a system, such as in blockchain technology or file storage systems. Learn more about Block Size in our glo...
Block Trade
A "Block Trade" refers to a large-scale transaction involving a significant number of securities, such as stocks or bonds, that are bought or sold by institutional investors. Learn more about Block Trade in...
Blockchain
Blockchain is a decentralised and immutable digital ledger that is distributed across an entire peer-to-peer (P2P) network using cryptography. Learn more about Blockchain in our glossary.
Blockchain Bridge
A blockchain bridge connects two separate blockchain networks and enables the transfer of data and tokens between the different networks. Learn more about Blockchain Bridge in our glossary.
Blockchain Confirmation
Blockchain confirmation refers to the process of verifying a transaction and adding it to a blockchain. Learn more about Blockchain Confirmation in our glossary. Explore this glossa
Blockchain Explorer
A blockchain explorer is a tool that enables users to navigate and review information about any public blockchain network. Learn more about Blockchain Explorer in our glossary. Expl
Blockchain Indexing
Blockchain indexing refers to the process of organizing the high volumes of information on a blockchain to make data easy to find and use. Learn more about Blockchain Indexing in our glossary.
Blockchain Interoperability
Blockchain interoperability refers to the ability of different blockchains to communicate with each other, enabling the seamless transfer of information and assets across distinct blockchains.
Blockchain Node Integration
Blockchain node integration refers to the process of connecting and configuring nodes within a blockchain network to ensure seamless communication and data exchange. Learn more about Blockchain Node Integrat...
Blockchain Oracle
Oracles allow blockchains to connect to things externally, allowing smart contracts to interact and make decisions based on inputs and outputs from the real world. Learn more about Blockchain Oracle in our g...
Blockchain Trilemma
The blockchain trilemma refers to a common problem that all networks currently face, where they can only optimally provide two out of the following three benefits: decentralisation, scalability, and security.
Blue Chip NFTs
Blue chip NFTs are considered to be the NFT market's most valuable and coveted digital assets. Learn more about Blue Chip NFTs in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to underst
Bollinger Bands
Bollinger Bands are a technical analysis tool using three lines plotted around an asset's price to measure volatility and value. Learn more about Bollinger Bands in our glossary. Ex
Bonding
Bonding is the act of a user locking their digital assets to someone else’s validator node for it to begin working. Learn more about Bonding in our glossary. Explore this glossary t
Bonding Curve
A bonding curve is a mathematical curve that defines the relationship between the price and supply of a token in a decentralized market, often used in token economies to manage liquidity and price discovery.
Bounty
A bounty is a reward offered to individuals for identifying vulnerabilities or bugs in software. Learn more about Bounty in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand ke
Breakout
In cryptocurrency trading, a breakout occurs when the price of a digital asset moves above a specific resistance level or below a support level with increased volume. Learn more about Breakout in our glossary.
Bridge
Bridges are points that allow users to move between two different blockchains. Learn more about Bridge in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and appl
Bridge liquidity
Bridge liquidity refers to the availability of funds or assets that facilitate the transfer of value between different blockchain networks or financial systems. Learn more about Bridge liquidity in our gloss...
Bubble (crypto)
A crypto bubble is a situation where the price of a cryptocurrency rapidly inflates due to speculative trading, surpassing its intrinsic value, and is often followed by a sharp crash when the market corrects
Bulk settlements
Bulk settlements refer to the process of resolving multiple financial transactions or disputes collectively rather than individually. Learn more about Bulk settlements in our glossary.
Bull Market
A bull market is the state of a financial market in which asset prices are rising or expected to rise. Learn more about Bull Market in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to un
Bull Market Peak
A bull market peak is the highest price point reached during an extended period of rising asset prices, marking the end of the upward trend. Learn more about Bull Market Peak in our glossary.
Bull Trap
A bull trap refers to a situation that occurs on a cryptocurrency's chart, showcasing its price declining before appearing to reverse until ultimately ending up falling further downwards.
Burn
Burning refers to the removal of cryptocurrency tokens from circulation, thus reducing a token’s total circulating supply. Learn more about Burn in our glossary. Explore this glossa
Burner Wallet
A burner wallet is a temporary or single-use cryptocurrency account used to protect one's assets and privacy for specific transactions. Learn more about Burner Wallet in our glossary.
Buy Order
A buy order is an instruction given to an exchange to purchase a specific amount of a digital asset under specific conditions. Learn more about Buy Order in our glossary. Explore th
Buy The Dip (BTD)
Buying the dip refers to the practice of buying an asset when the price drops. Learn more about Buy The Dip (BTD) in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspec
Buy Wall
A buy wall is the result of a large buy limit order(s) placed on a cryptocurrency when it hits a certain price. Learn more about Buy Wall in our glossary. Explore this glossary term
Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT)
Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) is the ability of a computer to continue operating in the event of a node failure or malicious attack. Learn more about Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) in our glossary.
Byzantine Generals Problem
The Byzantine Generals Problem is a challenge that arises when trying to maintain security and consensus on a distributed network. Learn more about Byzantine Generals Problem in our glossary.

CLARITY Act
The CLARITY Act is proposed U.S. Learn more about CLARITY Act in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
CVV & CVC
CVV (Card Verification Value) and CVC (Card Verification Code) are security features for credit and debit card transactions, particularly in online and card-not-present transactions.
Calldata
Calldata is an essential component for passing inputs to smart contract functions, optimising for cost by being temporary and non-modifiable during execution. Learn more about Calldata in our glossary.
Candidate Block
A candidate block refers to a block that has been proposed by a participant in a blockchain network and is undergoing verification before being added to the blockchain. Learn more about Candidate Block in ou...
Candlesticks
Candlesticks are a method of displaying an asset's high, low, open, and closing prices in a specific time period. Learn more about Candlesticks in our glossary. Explore this glossar
Capital allocation
Capital allocation refers to the process by which a company or organization decides how to distribute its financial resources among various projects, investments, or business units.
Capitulation
Capitulation refers to the act of surrendering or yielding, often used in a financial context to describe a situation where investors give up on trying to recoup losses and sell off their assets, typically
Card Network
A card network is a financial system that facilitates electronic payments and transactions using credit, debit, or prepaid cards. Learn more about Card Network in our glossary. Expl
Casascius Coin
A Casascius Coin is a physical Bitcoin token created by Mike Caldwell, containing a tamper-evident hologram and a private key for accessing digital Bitcoin. Learn more about Casascius Coin in our glossary.
Cathie Wood
Cathie Wood is a prominent American investor and the founder, CEO, and CIO of ARK Invest, an investment management firm known for its focus on disruptive innovation and technology.
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)
A Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is the electronic version of a country’s fiat currency, and is issued by the central government. Learn more about Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) in our glossary.
Centralised Exchange (CEX)
A centralised exchange (CEX) is a type of cryptocurrency exchange that a company centrally runs and controls. Learn more about Centralised Exchange (CEX) in our glossary. Explore th
Centralized
Centralized refers to a system or organizational structure where decision-making authority, control, and power are concentrated in a single central point or a small group of individuals.
Centralized Finance (CeFi)
Centralized finance refers to centralized cryptocurrency-based financial services managed by third-party organizations. Learn more about Centralized Finance (CeFi) in our glossary.
Certificate API
A Certificate API is a set of programming interfaces that allow developers to manage digital certificates within their applications. Learn more about Certificate API in our glossary.
Chargeback
A chargeback is a financial transaction reversal initiated by a cardholder's bank, typically due to disputes over fraudulent or unauthorized transactions, billing errors, or dissatisfaction with a product or
Chargeback Ratio
The chargeback ratio is a financial metric used by businesses, particularly in the payment processing and e-commerce sectors, to measure the frequency of chargebacks relative to the total number of
Checkout
Checkout refers to the process of finalizing a purchase in a retail or online shopping environment. Learn more about Checkout in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understa
Cipher
A cipher is an algorithm used to encrypt or decrypt information. Learn more about Cipher in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
Ciphertext
Ciphertext, or encrypted text, is a term used in cryptography to describe the encrypted form of a message. Learn more about Ciphertext in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
Circuit Breakers Technical
Circuit breakers are essential electrical devices designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overloads or short circuits. Learn more about Circuit Breakers Technical in our glossary.
Circulating Supply
Circulating supply is the amount of a cryptocurrency currently on the market. Learn more about Circulating Supply in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspec
Clearing process
The clearing process refers to the series of steps involved in the settlement of financial transactions, particularly in banking and finance. Learn more about Clearing process in our glossary.
Close Price
The close price is the price an asset last trades at within a given time period, which can be defined freely but is most commonly set at one day. Learn more about Close Price in our glossary.
Cloud Mining
Cloud mining is a process of cryptocurrency mining utilizing remote data centers with shared processing power, allowing users to mine without managing hardware. Learn more about Cloud Mining in our glossary.
Cloud native infrastructure
Cloud native infrastructure refers to a system of hardware and software that is designed to fully leverage cloud computing models and services. Learn more about Cloud native infrastructure in our glossary.
Cluster Management
Cluster management refers to the process of managing a group of interconnected computers, known as a cluster, to work together as a single system. Learn more about Cluster Management in our glossary.
Co-signer
A co-signer is an individual who agrees to take on the financial responsibility of a loan or credit agreement if the primary borrower fails to make the required payments. Learn more about Co-signer in our gl...
Code Repository
A code repository is a centralized digital storage space where developers can manage, store, and track changes to their codebase. Learn more about Code Repository in our glossary. E
Coin
A cryptocurrency coin represents a store of value native to a blockchain. Learn more about Coin in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and application
Coinbase Transaction
A Coinbase Transaction is a special type of transaction in the blockchain, particularly in Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, that is used to reward miners for successfully adding a new block to the
Cold Storage
Cold storage is a method of holding data or crypto assets in devices that are not connected to the internet, which provides added security for its users. Learn more about Cold Storage in our glossary.
Cold Wallet
A cold wallet is an offline wallet used to store cryptocurrencies. Learn more about Cold Wallet in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and application
Cold and Hot Wallet integration
Cold and hot wallet integration refers to the process of connecting and managing both cold wallets (offline storage solutions for cryptocurrencies) and hot wallets (online, accessible storage) within a unified
Collateral
Collateral refers to assets pledged in order to obtain a loan. Learn more about Collateral in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
Collateral rebalancing
Collateral rebalancing refers to the process of adjusting the allocation of collateral assets to maintain desired levels of risk and compliance with financial agreements or regulatory requirements.
Collateralisation
Collateralisation refers to the practise of using one asset as insurance in order to borrow another asset or secure a loan. Learn more about Collateralisation in our glossary. Explo
Collateralization ratio
The collateralization ratio is a financial metric used to assess the level of collateral backing a loan or financial obligation. Learn more about Collateralization ratio in our glossary.
Collateralized debt obligation
A Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO) is a complex financial instrument that pools together various types of debt, such as loans, bonds, and mortgages, and repackages them into tranches with varying levels of
Collectibles
A collectible is a rare or limited-edition copy of something, such as a virtual product or asset. Learn more about Collectibles in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to unders
Collection Value
Collection Value is the aggregated monetary value of all the NFTs in a collection. Learn more about Collection Value in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key as
Commingling
Commingling refers to the practice of mixing assets or funds from different sources into a single account or wallet, commonly seen in both traditional finance and cryptocurrency. Learn more about Commingling...
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)
The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is an independent agency of the U.S. Learn more about Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) in our glossary. Explore this gloss
Compliance outsourcing
Compliance outsourcing refers to the practice of hiring external service providers to manage and ensure that a company adheres to relevant laws, regulations, and industry standards.
Composability
Composability is combining or linking different decentralised finance (DeFi) protocols and applications. Learn more about Composability in our glossary. Explore this glossary term t
Compressed NFT
A compressed NFT is a type of non-fungible token on the Solana network that condenses the token’s metadata and media files to reduce the storage space required on-chain. Learn more about Compressed NFT in ou...
Confirmation Bias
Confirmation bias is a psychological phenomenon where individuals subconsciously tend to favour information that proves them right and disregard information that does not. Learn more about Confirmation Bias...
Confirmation Time
Confirmation time refers to the amount of time it takes for a transaction to be verified and added to the blockchain. Learn more about Confirmation Time in our glossary. Explore thi
Confirmations
In the context of blockchain and cryptocurrency, confirmations refer to the number of times a transaction has been verified and included in a block by the network. Learn more about Confirmations in our gloss...
ConsenSys
ConsenSys is a leading blockchain technology company that focuses on building and promoting decentralized applications (dApps) and infrastructure primarily on the Ethereum blockchain.
Consensus
Consensus is how a blockchain achieves agreement in a decentralised peer-to-peer (P2P) network. Learn more about Consensus in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand
Consensus Mechanism
A consensus mechanism represents the rules that govern the block verification process on a blockchain. Learn more about Consensus Mechanism in our glossary. Explore this glossary te
Consistent Hashing
Consistent hashing is a distributed hashing technique used to evenly distribute data across a set of nodes or servers in a network. Learn more about Consistent Hashing in our glossary.
Consortium Blockchain
A consortium blockchain is privately owned and managed by a group of corporations, where a consortium can share information privately while having the security and immutable benefits of a blockchain.
Continuous market making
Continuous market making refers to the practice of providing liquidity to financial markets by continuously quoting buy and sell prices for a particular asset. Learn more about Continuous market making in ou...
Contract Account
A Contract Account is a financial record used to track the costs, revenues, and profitability associated with a specific contract or project. Learn more about Contract Account in our glossary.
Contract for difference (CFD)
A Contract for Difference (CFD) is a financial derivative that allows traders to speculate on the price movements of an asset without owning the underlying asset itself. Learn more about Contract for differe...
Conversion Rate Optimization
Conversion Rate Optimization (CRO) is the systematic process of enhancing a website or landing page experience to increase the percentage of visitors who complete a desired action, such as making a purchase,
Coordinator
In the context of cryptocurrency, particularly in decentralized networks, a coordinator can refer to a central entity or mechanism that helps manage or facilitate certain processes within the network.
Core Wallet
A Core Wallet is a type of cryptocurrency wallet that serves as the primary storage and management tool for digital assets. Learn more about Core Wallet in our glossary. Explore thi
Corporate Treasury
Corporate Treasury manages a company's liquidity, investments, and financial risk to ensure optimal financial stability and efficiency. Learn more about Corporate Treasury in our glossary.
Counterparty Due Diligence
Counterparty due diligence evaluates the risk profile and compliance status of trading partners. Learn more about Counterparty Due Diligence in our glossary. Explore this glossary t
Counterparty risk
Counterparty risk refers to the potential for loss that arises when one party in a financial transaction fails to fulfill their contractual obligations. Learn more about Counterparty risk in our glossary.
Craig Wright
Craig Wright is an Australian computer scientist and businessman who has claimed to be the person behind the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto, the creator of Bitcoin. Learn more about Craig Wright in our glossary.
Creator Economy
The creator economy is the economic system built on the internet or digital platforms that enable individuals to earn money based on things they create. Learn more about Creator Economy in our glossary.
Crisis Liquidity
Crisis liquidity refers to the availability of liquid assets or cash that an individual, company, or financial institution can quickly access during a financial crisis. Learn more about Crisis Liquidity in o...
Cross Exchange Connectivity
Cross exchange connectivity refers to the technological and infrastructural systems that enable seamless interaction and data exchange between different cryptocurrency or financial exchanges.
Cross Matching Engines
Cross matching engines are sophisticated software systems designed to compare and analyze data from multiple sources to identify matches or discrepancies. Learn more about Cross Matching Engines in our gloss...
Cross border efficiency
Cross-border efficiency refers to the streamlined and effective management of processes and operations that occur between different countries. Learn more about Cross border efficiency in our glossary.
Cross zone replication
Cross-zone replication is a data management feature typically used in cloud computing environments to automatically replicate data across different geographical zones or regions. Learn more about Cross zone...
Cross-Chain
Cross-chain typically refers to technology that allows for interoperability between blockchains. Learn more about Cross-Chain in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understa
Cross-Chain Bridge
A cross-chain bridge is an application that facilitates the transfer of cryptocurrency tokens, assets, or data from one chain to another. Learn more about Cross-Chain Bridge in our glossary.
Cross-border liquidity
Cross-border liquidity refers to the ease and efficiency with which financial assets or funds can be transferred across international borders. Learn more about Cross-border liquidity in our glossary.
Cross-chain liquidity
Cross-chain liquidity refers to the ability to seamlessly transfer and utilize assets across different blockchain networks. Learn more about Cross-chain liquidity in our glossary. E
Cross-venue Execution
Cross-venue execution routes orders across multiple markets to achieve better pricing and liquidity. Learn more about Cross-venue Execution in our glossary. Explore this glossary te
Crypto Asset
Crypto assets are transferable digital representations of value made possible by cryptography and blockchain technology. Learn more about Crypto Asset in our glossary. Explore this
Crypto Correlation
Crypto correlation is a measure of the relationship between the market price movement of cryptocurrencies and other assets. Learn more about Crypto Correlation in our glossary. Expl
Crypto Hedging
Crypto hedging is a risk management strategy used by investors to protect their cryptocurrency investments from market volatility and potential losses. Learn more about Crypto Hedging in our glossary.
Crypto Index Fund
A crypto index fund is a type of investment that tracks the performance or behavior of a basket of cryptocurrency assets. Learn more about Crypto Index Fund in our glossary. Explore
Crypto Points
Crypto Points are digital tokens earned through various activities within a blockchain ecosystem, often used for rewards, incentives, or loyalty programs. Learn more about Crypto Points in our glossary.
Crypto Prepaid Card
A crypto prepaid card is a payment card funded with cryptocurrency and used for everyday transactions, such as purchasing goods and services. Learn more about Crypto Prepaid Card in our glossary.
Crypto Winter
A crypto winter is a long period of time when crypto prices dramatically drop below their previous all-time high values. Learn more about Crypto Winter in our glossary. Explore this
Crypto debit card
A crypto debit card is a financial tool that allows users to spend their cryptocurrency holdings like traditional currency. Learn more about Crypto debit card in our glossary. Explo
Crypto disbursements
Crypto disbursements refer to the distribution or allocation of funds in the form of cryptocurrencies. Learn more about Crypto disbursements in our glossary. Explore this glossary t
Crypto loan
A crypto loan is a type of financial service that allows individuals to borrow funds by using their cryptocurrency holdings as collateral. Learn more about Crypto loan in our glossary.
Crypto to fiat conversion
Crypto to fiat conversion refers to the process of exchanging cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum, into traditional government-issued currency, like the US dollar, euro, or yen.
CryptoPunks
CryptoPunks is a generative art collection of over 10,000 ‘punks’ as non-fungible tokens (NFTs) on the Ethereum blockchain. Learn more about CryptoPunks in our glossary. Explore thi
Cryptocurrency
Cryptocurrency is a peer-to-peer (P2P) digital payment system that relies on cryptography and blockchain technology to verify transactions and maintain security. Learn more about Cryptocurrency in our glossary.
Cryptocurrency Exchange
A cryptocurrency exchange, also known as a digital currency exchange, is a platform that facilitates the trading of cryptocurrencies. Learn more about Cryptocurrency Exchange in our glossary.
Cryptocurrency Wallet
A cryptocurrency wallet is a software programme or device that stores a user’s public and private keys. Learn more about Cryptocurrency Wallet in our glossary. Explore this glossary
Cryptocurrency money laundering
Cryptocurrency money laundering refers to the illegal process of disguising the origins of money obtained through illicit activities by converting it into digital currencies. Learn more about Cryptocurrency...
Cryptographic Hash Function
A cryptographic hash function is an equation that verifies the validity of data. Learn more about Cryptographic Hash Function in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understa
Cryptographic Key
A cryptographic key is a series of symbols used in an algorithm to encrypt or decrypt text. Learn more about Cryptographic Key in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to underst
Cryptographic Proof
Cryptographic proof refers to cryptographic techniques to verify the authenticity, integrity, and validity of data and transactions. Learn more about Cryptographic Proof in our glossary.
Cryptography
Cryptography is keeping information secure from malicious actors by transforming an original text into something only the intended reader can understand. Learn more about Cryptography in our glossary.
Cryptojacking
Cryptojacking is a cybercrime that involves stealing and exploiting the victim’s computing resources to generate digital assets, such as mining Bitcoin. Learn more about Cryptojacking in our glossary.
Cryptology
Cryptology is the science and practice of securing communication through the use of codes and ciphers. Learn more about Cryptology in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to und
Cryptosis
Cryptosis is a slang term describing an obsessive preoccupation with cryptocurrency - prices, markets, and general information. Learn more about Cryptosis in our glossary. Explore t
Cup and Handle
In relation to price charts, a ‘cup and handle’ is a bullish technical indicator that looks like a cup with a handle on the right side when viewed on the charts. Learn more about Cup and Handle in our glossary.
Currency crisis
Currency crisis refers to a situation where a nation's currency experiences a rapid and severe devaluation, often leading to financial instability. Learn more about Currency crisis in our glossary.
Cursed Inscriptions
Cursed inscriptions are digital artifacts that were not indexed by the Ordinals protocol and did not receive an inscription number. Learn more about Cursed Inscriptions in our glossary.
Custodial
Custodial refers to the responsibilities and tasks associated with the maintenance, cleaning, and general upkeep of a facility or property. Learn more about Custodial in our glossary.
Custodial Risk
Custodial risk is the possibility of loss due to a custodian failing to safeguard assets. Learn more about Custodial Risk in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand k
Custodial Wallet
A custodial wallet is held by an entity, such as a centralised exchange (CEX), and the user does not hold their assets’ private keys, as the service provider is in charge of holding the user's wallet.
Custodian
A custodian is an entity that keeps an individual’s assets safe on their behalf. Learn more about Custodian in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and
Custody
Crypto custody involves safeguarding, storage, and management of digital assets on the behalf of individuals or institutions. Learn more about Custody in our glossary. Explore this
Customer Due Diligence (CDD)
Customer Due Diligence (CDD) assesses and verifies the identity of customers, which aims to mitigate the risk of financial crime and ensure the integrity of the cryptocurrency ecosystem.
Cypherpunk
The cypherpunk movement played a foundational role in the development of digital currencies like Bitcoin and focused on using cryptography and privacy-enhancing technologies to promote individual freedom,

DEX Aggregator
A decentralised exchange (DEX) aggregator is a platform or service that simultaneously sources from multiple DEXs in order to achieve the best possible trading prices and liquidity.
DEX-to-CEX Ratio
The DEX-to-CEX ratio measures the proportion of crypto trading volume occurring on decentralized exchanges compared to centralized exchanges. Learn more about DEX-to-CEX Ratio in our glossary.
DORA
DORA is a European regulatory framework that strengthens operational resilience for financial institutions. Learn more about DORA in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to unde
DRC-20
DRC-20 is a token standard on the Dogecoin blockchain, enabling the creation and management of fungible tokens with specific rules and functionalities. Learn more about DRC-20 in our glossary.
DYOR
DYOR means ‘do your own research’ and due diligence before committing to any project. Learn more about DYOR in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and
Daedalus Wallet
Daedalus Wallet is a secure, full-node cryptocurrency wallet for Cardano, offering advanced features like staking, asset management, and seamless integration with the Cardano blockchain.
Dark Pool
A dark pool is a private marketplace where large orders are executed anonymously to reduce market impact. Learn more about Dark Pool in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to u
Data Availability
Data availability is the process of ensuring data is continually accessible to applications, end users, and organizations, when and where it is needed. Learn more about Data Availability in our glossary.
Data Availability Sampling
Data Availability Sampling (DAS) is a method to verify that a block's data has been published without downloading the entire block. Learn more about Data Availability Sampling in our glossary.
Data Caching
Data caching is a process that involves storing copies of data in a temporary storage location, or cache, to enable faster access and retrieval. Learn more about Data Caching in our glossary.
Data Consistency Models
Data consistency models are frameworks or protocols that define the rules and guarantees for how data is read and written across distributed systems. Learn more about Data Consistency Models in our glossary.
Data Partitioning
Data partitioning is the process of dividing a large dataset into smaller, more manageable segments or partitions. Learn more about Data Partitioning in our glossary. Explore this g
Data Persistence Layer
The data persistence layer is a crucial component in software architecture that manages the storage and retrieval of data in a persistent storage system, such as a database. Learn more about Data Persistence...
Data Redundancy
Data redundancy refers to the unnecessary duplication of data within a database or data storage system. Learn more about Data Redundancy in our glossary. Explore this glossary term
Data privacy
Data privacy refers to the practice of safeguarding personal information from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure. Learn more about Data privacy in our glossary. Explore this gl
Data replication strategies
Data replication strategies refer to the various methods and approaches used to duplicate and maintain copies of data across different systems or locations. Learn more about Data replication strategies in ou...
Data scraping
Data scraping is the automated process of extracting large amounts of information from websites or other digital sources. Learn more about Data scraping in our glossary. Explore thi
Data validation
Data validation is the process of ensuring that data is accurate, complete, and meets the necessary quality standards before it is used or processed. Learn more about Data validation in our glossary.
Database Sharding
Database sharding is a technique used to improve the performance and scalability of a database by dividing it into smaller, more manageable pieces called "shards." Each shard is a separate database that
Day Trading
Day trading is the practice of buying and selling assets to make profits from price movements within a single day. Learn more about Day Trading in our glossary. Explore this glossar
DeFAI Agents
DeFAI agents are autonomous software programs that combine AI with blockchain technology to automate and optimize DeFi activities. Learn more about DeFAI Agents in our glossary. Exp
DePIN
A Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Network, or DePIN, is a protocol using cryptocurrency tokens to incentivize creating, maintaining, and operating real-world infrastructures in a decentralized manner.
Dead Cat Bounce
A dead cat bounce is a market trend where an asset with a falling price may have a slight recovery for a brief period of time before continuing to drop further. Learn more about Dead Cat Bounce in our glossary.
Dead Coin
A dead coin is a cryptocurrency that has ceased to be operational, valuable, or actively traded in the market. Learn more about Dead Coin in our glossary. Explore this glossary term
Dealer networks
Dealer networks refer to a system or group of authorized dealers or distributors that sell and service products for a particular manufacturer or brand. Learn more about Dealer networks in our glossary.
Death Cross
A death cross signals a long-term bear market moving forward. Learn more about Death Cross in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
Decentralisation
Decentralisation refers to a system that has no central point of authority. Learn more about Decentralisation in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects a
Decentralised Applications (Dapps)
Decentralised applications (dapps) are applications or programmes that operate on a blockchain or peer-to-peer (P2P) network. Learn more about Decentralised Applications (Dapps) in our glossary.
Decentralised Autonomous Organisation (DAO)
A decentralised autonomous organisation (DAO) is an entity designed to be fully autonomous and without a central point of control. Learn more about Decentralised Autonomous Organisation (DAO) in our glossary.
Decentralised Exchange (DEX)
A decentralised exchange (DEX) is a cryptocurrency exchange not handled in a centralised manner, as it acts in a non-custodial and anonymous way to swap cryptocurrencies. Learn more about Decentralised Excha...
Decentralised Finance (DeFi)
DeFi is an abbreviation of ‘decentralised finance’, which is software built on top of a blockchain that enables the creation of services much like traditional centralised financial services, with the added
Decentralized Database
A decentralized database is a distributed database system where data is stored across multiple nodes or locations, enhancing security, fault tolerance, and scalability by eliminating a single point of failure.
Decentralized Digital Identity
A decentralized digital identity is a type of identity management that enables individuals to control their own digital identities, without relying on a centralized authority. Learn more about Decentralized...
Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs)
Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) are a new kind of tool that allow individuals and organizations to establish and control their online identities without relying on centralized authorities.
Decentralized Mixture of Experts (dMoE)
A decentralized mixture of experts is a collaborative system where specialized nodes or participants collectively solve problems. Learn more about Decentralized Mixture of Experts (dMoE) in our glossary.
Decentralized Storage
Decentralized storage is a type of storage that allows users to store and access files or data in a distributed manner. Learn more about Decentralized Storage in our glossary. Explo
Decentralized network
A decentralized network is a type of network architecture where control and data processing are distributed across multiple nodes rather than being centralized in a single location.
Decentralized order book
A decentralized order book is a system used in blockchain and cryptocurrency trading platforms that records buy and sell orders for assets without relying on a central authority or intermediary.
Decentralized risk management
Decentralized risk management refers to the process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks using a distributed network rather than relying on a central authority. Learn more about Decentralized risk...
Decentralized social media
Decentralized social media refers to online platforms that operate on a distributed network of servers rather than being controlled by a single, centralized entity. Learn more about Decentralized social medi...
Decryption
In blockchain technology, decryption is crucial for protecting and securing data and transactions from unauthorised access, allowing for authorised parties to access and read original information (plaintext).
Deep web
The Deep Web refers to parts of the internet that are not indexed by traditional search engines like Google or Bing. Learn more about Deep web in our glossary. Explore this glossary
Deepfake
A Deepfake is a kind of synthetic media produced using artificial intelligence (AI). Learn more about Deepfake in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects
Deflation
Deflation — the opposite of inflation — is a decline in prices of goods and services. Learn more about Deflation in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspect
Deflationary Asset
A deflationary asset is a digital or virtual currency designed to decrease in supply over time, leading to an increase in its value. Learn more about Deflationary Asset in our glossary.
Degen
‘Degen’ is a slang term derived from the word ‘degenerate’, often used in the cryptocurrency space to refer to individuals who engage in high-risk and speculative trading. Learn more about Degen in our gloss...
Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)
Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) is a consensus mechanism that evolved from Proof of Stake (PoS). Learn more about Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) in our glossary. Explore this gloss
Delegator
A delegator is a network participant who assigns their economic stake to a network validator in a proof-of-stake (PoS) or delegated proof-of-stake (DPoS) blockchain. Learn more about Delegator in our glossary.
Delisting
Delisting is the act or process of removing digital assets, securities, or stocks from a trading exchange. Learn more about Delisting in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
Demand Shock
A demand shock is an unexpected event that suddenly changes the level of demand for a product or asset, leading to price volatility. Learn more about Demand Shock in our glossary. E
Demurrage
Demurrage in the context of finance and economics, particularly in relation to currency, refers to a fee or cost associated with holding or not using money over time. Learn more about Demurrage in our glossary.
Dencun
Dencun is an upgrade on the Ethereum blockchain aimed to improve its performance by optimizing execution efficiency and data availability within the network. Learn more about Dencun in our glossary.
Dencun Upgrade
The dencun upgrade refers to a significant enhancement or improvement to the Dencun system, platform, or product. Learn more about Dencun Upgrade in our glossary. Explore this gloss
Depeg
A depeg is a phenomenon that occurs when a stablecoin, which is a cryptocurrency whose value is pegged to another currency, decreases or increases in value relative to the asset it is pegged to.
Derivatives
Cryptocurrency derivatives are financial contracts derived from the price of an underlying digital asset that allow traders to speculate on the future price movements of cryptocurrencies without actually
Descending Triangle
A descending triangle is a bearish chart pattern observed in technical analysis of financial markets, including cryptocurrency markets. Learn more about Descending Triangle in our glossary.
Descending Wedge
A descending wedge is a bullish chart pattern that indicates a potential price reversal or continuation. Learn more about Descending Wedge in our glossary. Explore this glossary ter
Design Flaw Attack
A design flaw attack is a cyberattack where hackers use corrupted software to access a user’s cryptocurrency asset. Learn more about Design Flaw Attack in our glossary. Explore this
Desktop Wallet
A desktop wallet is a computer program or software cryptocurrency holders use to store and manage private and public keys. Learn more about Desktop Wallet in our glossary. Explore t
DevP2P
DevP2P plays a vital role in enabling the peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture of blockchain networks, promoting decentralisation and efficient communication amongst network participants.
Diamond Hands
Diamond hands is a slang term for a market participant who refrains from selling an asset despite downturns or losses. Learn more about Diamond Hands in our glossary. Explore this g
Difficulty Time Bomb
The Difficulty Time Bomb describes the growing difficulty in mining Ethereum as the network transitions from a Proof of Work to a Proof of Stake blockchain. Learn more about Difficulty Time Bomb in our gloss...
Digital Asset
A digital asset is any form of electronic data that has economic value, including cryptocurrencies, tokens, securities, art and collectibles, data, and intellectual property. Learn more about Digital Asset i...
Digital Gold
Digital Gold is a term for Bitcoin, reflecting its use as a store of value due to its scarcity and decentralization, similar to physical gold. Learn more about Digital Gold in our glossary.
Digital Signature
A digital signature is a cryptographic technique to validate the authenticity of digital messages and documents. Learn more about Digital Signature in our glossary. Explore this glo
Digital dollar
The digital dollar refers to a proposed form of the United States currency that exists exclusively in electronic form. Learn more about Digital dollar in our glossary. Explore this
Dip
A ‘dip’ refers to a decline in the price of an asset. Learn more about Dip in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
Direct Debit
Direct Debit is a financial transaction method that allows an individual or organization to authorize a third party, typically a business or service provider, to withdraw funds directly from their bank account
Direct transfers
Direct transfers refer to the process of moving funds or assets directly from one party to another without intermediaries. Learn more about Direct transfers in our glossary. Explore
Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)
A directed acyclic graph (DAG) is a type of structure commonly found as a form of consensus for a cryptocurrency. Learn more about Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) in our glossary. Expl
Disaster Recovery
Disaster recovery refers to the strategic planning and processes implemented by organizations to quickly restore critical systems, data, and operations after a disruptive event, such as a natural disaster,
Dispute
A dispute is a disagreement or conflict between two or more parties, often involving differing opinions, interests, or claims. Learn more about Dispute in our glossary. Explore this
Distributed Computing
Distributed computing is a field of computer science that involves a network of separate computers working together to achieve a common goal. Learn more about Distributed Computing in our glossary.
Distributed Ledger
A distributed ledger in cryptocurrency is a secure, decentralised system for recording and maintaining transactions, providing an immutable history through various consensus mechanisms.
Distributed Ledger Technology
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) enables multiple participants to have a synchronised copy of a constantly updated digital ledger. Learn more about Distributed Ledger Technology in our glossary.
Distributed Order Book
A distributed order book is a decentralized system for recording and managing buy and sell orders for assets, typically used in financial markets. Learn more about Distributed Order Book in our glossary.
Distributed consensus
Distributed consensus is a process used in computer science and distributed systems to achieve agreement on a single data value or state among multiple, decentralized nodes or agents.
Distributed network
A distributed network is a type of computer network where processing power, data, and applications are spread across multiple interconnected nodes rather than being centralized in a single location.
Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA)
Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA) is a strategy that involves investing a fixed amount in any asset like digital asset at regular intervals. Learn more about Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA) in our glossary.
Domain Name Service (DNS)
The Domain Name Service, or DNS, is a directory that provides a hierarchical naming system for resources on the internet in human-readable domain names. Learn more about Domain Name Service (DNS) in our glos...
Double Bottom
A double bottom is a bullish technical indicator pattern that identifies a potential reversal in a downward trend, where it forms when an asset price reaches a low two times in a row with a moderate increase
Double Top
A bearish technical indicator, a double top forms when an asset price reaches a high price two consecutive times with a moderate decline between the two highs. Learn more about Double Top in our glossary.
Double-Spending
Double-spending is the event in which a unit of an asset is spent more than once. Learn more about Double-Spending in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspe
Drivechain
Drivechain is a proposed Bitcoin protocol enhancement that aims to improve the scalability and functionality of the Bitcoin network. Learn more about Drivechain in our glossary. Exp
Dump
Dump is a term referring to the sudden price drop of a specific asset or downward market movement. Learn more about Dump in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand ke
Dust Transaction
A blockchain dust transaction is a crypto transaction where the value of the transfer amount is smaller compared to the transaction fees. Learn more about Dust Transaction in our glossary.
Dynamic Currency Conversion (DCC)
Dynamic Currency Conversion (DCC) is a financial service offered by merchants and payment processors that allows international customers to see prices and make payments in their home currency when using a
Dynamic Music Data NFTs
Dynamic music data NFTs are digital assets combining the features of non-fungible tokens with music-related content. Learn more about Dynamic Music Data NFTs in our glossary. Explor
Dynamic NFT
Dynamic NFTs are a category of NFTs designed to change their characteristics based on certain pre-defined conditions. Learn more about Dynamic NFT in our glossary. Explore this glos
Dynamic fees
Dynamic fees refer to a pricing model where the cost of a service or transaction is adjusted in real-time based on various factors such as demand, supply, market conditions, or user behavior.
Dynamic pricing
Dynamic pricing is a flexible pricing strategy where businesses adjust the prices of their products or services in real-time based on various factors such as demand, market conditions, competitor pricing, and
Dynamic rate limiting
Dynamic rate limiting is a network management technique that adjusts the rate at which requests or data packets are processed based on current network conditions and resource availability.

ECN
An ECN is an electronic system that matches buy and sell orders for financial instruments, enabling efficient, automated execution. Learn more about ECN in our glossary. Explore thi
EIP
EIP stands for Ethereum Improvement Proposal, which are motions that propose different features, changes, or processes to Ethereum. Learn more about EIP in our glossary. Explore thi
EIP-1559
EIP-1559, or Ethereum Improvement Proposal 1559, is a significant upgrade to the Ethereum blockchain's transaction fee mechanism. Learn more about EIP-1559 in our glossary. Explore
EIP-4844
EIP-4844 is a proposed Ethereum network upgrade intended to boost the network’s scalability while reducing costs. Learn more about EIP-4844 in our glossary. Explore this glossary te
EIP-712
EIP-712 is a standard dictating how to structure and sign data on Ethereum so that it is both human-readable and machine-verifiable. Learn more about EIP-712 in our glossary. Explor
EMS
An EMS is software that supports execution workflows, routing, and smart execution strategies. Learn more about EMS in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key asp
ERC
ERC stands for Ethereum Request for Comment. Learn more about ERC in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
ERC-1155
Created by Enjin, ERC-1155 aims to be a more secure token standard compared to older ones. Learn more about ERC-1155 in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key as
ERC-20
The ERC-20 token standard defines how a token should function on the Ethereum blockchain. Learn more about ERC-20 in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspec
ERC-223
ERC-223 is a token standard on the Ethereum blockchain aimed at expanding upon the ERC-20 token standard. Learn more about ERC-223 in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to und
ERC-404
ERC-404 is an unofficial Ethereum token standard that fuses the aspects of fungible and non-fungible tokens. Learn more about ERC-404 in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
ERC-721
ERC-721 is a token standard representing ownership of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) on Ethereum. Learn more about ERC-721 in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key
ERC-777
ERC-777 is a token standard that aims to improve on the existing ERC-20 standard. Learn more about ERC-777 in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and
ERC-827
ERC-827 is an Ethereum token standard used as an extension of the ERC-20 token standard. Learn more about ERC-827 in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspec
ERC-884
ERC-884 is a token standard that allows for the creation of ERC-20 tokens. Learn more about ERC-884 in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applica
ERC-948
ERC-948 is an Ethereum protocol to connect subscription-model businesses with their customers. Learn more about ERC-948 in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key
ETP
An exchange-traded product (ETP) is a financial instrument that tracks the performance or value of an underlying asset, such as gold, a cryptocurrency token, or a commodity. Learn more about ETP in our gloss...
Eclipse Attack
An eclipse attack is a type of P2P network threat that disrupts the operations of the network by isolating and manipulating one node. Learn more about Eclipse Attack in our glossary.
Economic utility
Economic utility refers to the measure of satisfaction or benefit that consumers derive from consuming goods and services. Learn more about Economic utility in our glossary. Explore
Edge computing
Edge computing is a distributed computing paradigm that brings computation and data storage closer to the location where it is needed, improving response times and saving bandwidth.
EigenLayer
EigenLayer is a protocol on the Ethereum network that allows users to re-stake ETH. Learn more about EigenLayer in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects
Electronic Check (Echeck)
An electronic check, or eCheck, is a digital version of a traditional paper check used to make payments online. Learn more about Electronic Check (Echeck) in our glossary. Explore t
Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)
Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) is a digital payment system that allows the transfer of money between bank accounts electronically, without the need for paper-based transactions. Learn more about Electronic...
Electrum wallet
Electrum Wallet is a lightweight Bitcoin wallet known for its speed and efficiency. Learn more about Electrum wallet in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key as
Elliott Wave Theory
Elliott Waves is a theory in technical analysis used to describe price movements in financial markets. Learn more about Elliott Wave Theory in our glossary. Explore this glossary te
Encryption
Encryption — the process of converting data or information into a secure and encoded format — plays a crucial role in ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and security within blockchain networks and
End-to-End Encryption
End-to-end encryption is a method of secure communication that prevents third parties from accessing data while it's transferred from one end system or device to another. Learn more about End-to-End Encrypti...
Enterprise blockchain
Enterprise blockchain refers to the use of blockchain technology within a business or organizational context to enhance transparency, security, and efficiency in operations. Learn more about Enterprise block...
Entropy
The entropy of a variable is the measure of the ‘unpredictability’ of that variable. Learn more about Entropy in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects a
Epoch
An epoch is a defined or specific timeframe during which specific activities occur in a blockchain network. Learn more about Epoch in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to und
Erasure Coding
Erasure Coding is a data protection method that breaks data into fragments, encodes them with redundant pieces, and distributes them across different locations to ensure data can be reconstructed even if some
Ethash
Ethash is the proof-of-work hashing algorithm used by Ethereum-based blockchain networks to secure transactions and create new blocks. Learn more about Ethash in our glossary. Explo
EtherFi
The EtherFi protocol is a decentralized, non-custodial liquid staking platform built on the Ethereum blockchain. Learn more about EtherFi in our glossary. Explore this glossary term
Ethereum
Ethereum is a decentralised, open-source blockchain platform introduced in 2015 by Vitalik Buterin. Learn more about Ethereum in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understa
Ethereum 2.0
Ethereum 2.0 is an ongoing series of network upgrades aimed at addressing scalability, security, and accessibility. Learn more about Ethereum 2.0 in our glossary. Explore this gloss
Ethereum ETF
An Ethereum ETF is an exchange-traded fund that tracks the price of Ethereum, allowing investors to gain exposure to the cryptocurrency without directly owning it. Learn more about Ethereum ETF in our glossary.
Ethereum Fusaka Upgrade
The Ethereum Fusaka upgrade is a network improvement that aims to dramatically increase Layer 2 data capacity and reduce transaction costs. Learn more about Ethereum Fusaka Upgrade in our glossary.
Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)
An Ethereum Improvement Proposal is a formal proposal to make changes or updates to the Ethereum network. Learn more about Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) in our glossary. Explo
Ethereum Treasury
An Ethereum treasury is a corporate strategy of holding Ether (ETH) on the balance sheet as a productive asset to generate yield. Learn more about Ethereum Treasury in our glossary.
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is a platform for executing dapps and smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. Learn more about Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) in our glossary. Exp
Event Stream Processing
Event stream processing is a real-time data processing technique that involves the continuous capture, analysis, and management of data streams as they are generated. Learn more about Event Stream Processing...
Event sourcing
Event sourcing is a software architectural pattern where state changes in a system are captured as a sequence of events. Learn more about Event sourcing in our glossary. Explore thi
Event-Driven Architecture (EDA)
Event-driven architecture (EDA) is a software design paradigm that focuses on the production, detection, consumption, and reaction to events. Learn more about Event-Driven Architecture (EDA) in our glossary.
Everest Ransomware
Everest ransomware is a sophisticated malicious software that encrypts victims' files and demands cryptocurrency payments as ransom. Learn more about Everest Ransomware in our glossary.
Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF)
Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) track the performance of an underlying asset and offer diversified exposure to various assets, providing better accessibility, transparency, and cost-efficiency for traders.
Execution Quality
Execution quality evaluates how effectively a trade is executed relative to benchmarks. Learn more about Execution Quality in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand
Execution latency
Execution latency refers to the time delay between the initiation of a command or task and its actual execution or completion. Learn more about Execution latency in our glossary. Ex
Execution speed
Execution speed refers to the rate at which a computer program or system performs tasks or processes instructions. Learn more about Execution speed in our glossary. Explore this glo
Exit Liquidity
Exit liquidity is the ease with which a trader can exit their position and cash out their cryptocurrency assets. Learn more about Exit Liquidity in our glossary. Explore this glossa
Exit Scam
An exit scam is a fraudulent practice of malicious developers or founders disappearing with investors’ funds during or after a project has launched. Learn more about Exit Scam in our glossary.
Exit Strategy
Crucial for managing risk and securing profits, an exit strategy is a plan for selling or liquidating a position in a cryptocurrency to achieve the best possible financial outcome.
Explainable AI (XAI)
Explainable AI is a set of processes and methods that simplify the results, process, and output data of a machine learning algorithm. Learn more about Explainable AI (XAI) in our glossary.
Externally Owned Account (EOA)
An Externally Owned Account (EOA) is a type of blockchain account controlled by a user via a private key, which allows them to authorize transactions. Learn more about Externally Owned Account (EOA) in our g...

FATF Travel Rule
The FATF Travel Rule mandates financial institutions to share sender and recipient information for cryptocurrency transactions to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. Learn more about FATF Travel...
FOMO
FOMO is an acronym that stands for ‘fear of missing out’. Learn more about FOMO in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
FUD
A strategy to mislead people on a certain project, FUD stands for ‘fear, uncertainty, and doubt’ and is the act of spreading misleading or false information about a project to negatively impact it.
Failover clustering
Failover clustering is a method used to ensure the availability and reliability of applications and services by grouping multiple servers or nodes into a cluster. Learn more about Failover clustering in our...
Fair AI
Fair AI refers to artificial intelligence systems designed to make unbiased decisions, ensuring equitable treatment across different demographics and minimizing discrimination. Learn more about Fair AI in ou...
Fakeout
A "Fakeout" is a strategic maneuver often used in various contexts, such as sports, gaming, or even negotiations, where one party deliberately deceives or misleads another to gain an advantage.
Falling Knife
A "Falling Knife" is a term commonly used in financial markets to describe a rapid and often steep decline in the price of a stock or other asset. Learn more about Falling Knife in our glossary.
Falling Wedge
A "Falling Wedge" is a technical analysis chart pattern used in financial markets to predict potential bullish reversals. Learn more about Falling Wedge in our glossary. Explore thi
False Breakout
A false breakout is common in volatile markets like cryptocurrencies, where the price of a digital asset can move beyond a significant support or resistance level (breaking out), only to quickly reverse and
Fan Tokens
Fan tokens are digital assets that provide unique online and in-person benefits and are designed to enhance the engagement between sports teams, clubs, or players and their fans. Learn more about Fan Tokens...
Faster Payments Service (FPS)
The Faster Payments Service (FPS) is a UK-based system enabling near-instantaneous money transfers between banks and financial institutions, 24/7, year-round. Learn more about Faster Payments Service (FPS) i...
Faucet
A faucet is a tool in the cryptocurrency space that can either be used as a reward system to compensate cryptocurrency users for completing specific tasks or to help onboard new users to an ecosystem.
Fault Tolerance
Fault tolerance refers to the ability of a system, network, or process to continue operating effectively even in the event of a failure or malfunction of some of its components. Learn more about Fault Tolera...
Fear & Greed Index
The Fear & Greed Index provides insights for traders looking to time the market, offering a sense of whether conditions might be ripe for a correction or a potential rally. Learn more about Fear & Greed Inde...
Fear Of Missing Out (FOMO)
FOMO stands for the “fear of missing out,” which is the anxiety or fear traders experience when they think they are missing out on a profitable investment or trading opportunity. Learn more about Fear Of Mis...
Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)
The Federal Open Market Committee is a branch of the U.S. Learn more about Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects
Federated BFT (fBFT)
Federated Byzantine Fault Tolerance (fBFT) is a consensus mechanism that enhances the scalability, speed, and security of blockchain networks by using a trusted set of federated nodes to validate transactions
Fee revenue sharing
Fee revenue sharing is a financial arrangement where the income generated from fees is distributed among different parties or stakeholders involved in a particular service or transaction.
Fiat
Fiat money is a form of currency backed solely by the government or central bank that issued it. Learn more about Fiat in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key
Fiat-Collateralised Stablecoin
A fiat-collateralised stablecoin is a cryptocurrency backed by fiat currency, offering a stable value pegged to the currency in which it's linked. Learn more about Fiat-Collateralised Stablecoin in our gloss...
Fibonacci Retracement
Fibonacci retracement is a popular technical analysis tool that helps traders identify potential levels of support and resistance likely to occur. Learn more about Fibonacci Retracement in our glossary.
Fibonacci retracement level
Fibonacci retracement levels are a technical analysis tool used in financial markets to identify potential support and resistance levels. Learn more about Fibonacci retracement level in our glossary.
Field Programmable Gate Array
A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a type of integrated circuit that can be configured by the user after manufacturing. Learn more about Field Programmable Gate Array in our glossary.
Fill Rate
Fill rate measures how much of a submitted order is successfully executed. Learn more about Fill Rate in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and appli
Fill or Kill Order (FOK)
A Fill or Kill order is an order to buy or sell that must be executed immediately in its entirety at the set price or canceled altogether. Learn more about Fill or Kill Order (FOK) in our glossary.
Finality
Finality is a guarantee that, at a certain point, a particular transaction is confirmed and recorded on the blockchain, and cannot be reversed, modified, or canceled. Learn more about Finality in our glossary.
Financial Information eXchange (FIX)
The Financial Information eXchange (FIX) Protocol is a standardized electronic communication protocol used for real-time exchange of financial information, primarily in the securities trading industry.
Financial messaging
Financial messaging refers to the electronic exchange of information related to financial transactions between institutions, such as banks, investment firms, and payment processors.
Finney Attack
A Finney attack is a form of double-spending in blockchain networks where a miner pre-mines a transaction in a block but deliberately withholds broadcasting it to the network. Learn more about Finney Attack...
First in
First In refers to the principle where the first assets or securities purchased in a portfolio are the first to be sold when determining capital gains or losses. Learn more about First in in our glossary.
First-Mover Advantage (FMA)
First-mover advantage is the competitive edge a blockchain project gains by being the first to enter a new market or introduce a new product or service. Learn more about First-Mover Advantage (FMA) in our gl...
Flash Loan
Flash loans allow you to borrow crypto assets without collateral or borrowing limits within the DeFi space. Learn more about Flash Loan in our glossary. Explore this glossary term t
Flash crash
A "flash crash" refers to a very rapid, deep, and volatile drop in security prices occurring within an extremely short time frame, often minutes or seconds, followed by a quick recovery.
Flash swap
A flash swap is a feature of decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms, particularly those using automated market makers (AMMs) like Uniswap. Learn more about Flash swap in our glossary.
Flashbots
Flashbots is a research and development institution that mitigates the adverse negative effects of maximal extractable value (MEV) on the Ethereum network. Learn more about Flashbots in our glossary.
Flatcoin
Flatcoin is a type of cryptocurrency designed to maintain a stable value by being pegged to a specific asset or basket of assets, often used to hedge against inflation. Learn more about Flatcoin in our gloss...
Flippening
The “Flippening” is the hypothetical moment when Ethereum will potentially surpass Bitcoin in terms of market capitalization. Learn more about Flippening in our glossary. Explore th
Flipping
Flipping is an investment technique that involves buying an asset at a low price to resell it for profit. Learn more about Flipping in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to un
Floor Price
Floor Price is equal to the lowest-priced NFT in a collection. Learn more about Floor Price in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
Flow Provider
A flow provider is a counterparty that supplies consistent trading volume to a venue. Learn more about Flow Provider in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key as
Fork
A fork refers to a change or update to a system’s underlying code or software. Learn more about Fork in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applic
Fractional NFTs
Fractional NFTs (F-NFTs) are a type of non-fungible token divided into smaller parts, so that many people can own a fraction of the same NFT. Learn more about Fractional NFTs in our glossary.
Fraud Prevention
Fraud prevention refers to the strategies and measures implemented to detect, deter, and mitigate fraudulent activities. Learn more about Fraud Prevention in our glossary. Explore t
Fraud Proof
Fraud proofs are an essential security mechanism that ensures trust in scalable blockchain solutions by detecting and penalising dishonest or erroneous activity without needing to immediately check every
Fraud Scoring
Fraud scoring is a method used to assess the likelihood that a transaction or activity is fraudulent. Learn more about Fraud Scoring in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to u
Frictionless transactions
Frictionless transactions refer to seamless and efficient exchanges of goods, services, or information, characterized by minimal barriers or delays. Learn more about Frictionless transactions in our glossary.
Friendly Fraud
Friendly fraud occurs when a customer makes a purchase online with their credit card and then disputes the charge with their bank, despite having received the product or service. Learn more about Friendly Fr...
Front Running
Front running is the act of utilizing advanced knowledge about pending transactions to place one's transaction before the original trades are executed. Learn more about Front Running in our glossary.
Froth
‘Froth’ refers to a period when asset prices, such as cryptocurrencies, rise rapidly and beyond their intrinsic value, driven more by hype and speculation than by fundamental factors.
Full Node
A full node is a component of a blockchain that stores and validates transactions. Learn more about Full Node in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects a
Fully Diluted Valuation (FDV)
Fully diluted valuation (FDV) is a metric used to estimate the total value of a cryptocurrency or token if all of its possible supply were in circulation. Learn more about Fully Diluted Valuation (FDV) in ou...
Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE)
Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is an advanced cryptographic technique that allows computations to be performed on encrypted data without needing to decrypt it first. Learn more about Fully homomorphic en...
Fundamental Analysis
Fundamental analysis is a technique traders use to establish the underlying fundamental factors that affect an asset’s intrinsic value. Learn more about Fundamental Analysis in our glossary.
Fungibility
Fungibility describes the property of an asset whose units of equivalent value are readily interchangeable with one another. Learn more about Fungibility in our glossary. Explore th
Futo
Futo is a term that can refer to various things depending on the context. Learn more about Futo in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and application
Futures
Crypto futures contracts are a derivative in which traders agree to either buy or sell an asset on a specific date at a predetermined price. Learn more about Futures in our glossary.

GENIUS Act
The GENIUS Act is federal legislation signed into law in July 2025, establishing a regulatory framework for stablecoins in the United States. Learn more about GENIUS Act in our glossary.
GM
GM stands for ‘good morning’ and is commonly used in the crypto community as a positive sentiment. Learn more about GM in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key
GPG Encryption
GPG Encryption, or GNU Privacy Guard Encryption, is a robust cryptographic system used to secure data through encryption and digital signatures. Learn more about GPG Encryption in our glossary.
Game Channels
Game Channels are dedicated platforms or streams where video game content, including gameplay, reviews, and tutorials, is shared and discussed. Learn more about Game Channels in our glossary.
Game Theory
Game theory is an applied mathematics concept examining people’s rational decision-making behavior. Learn more about Game Theory in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to under
GameFi
GameFi combines gaming and finance in cryptocurrency, where game mechanics create a virtual environment in which players may participate and receive tokens. Learn more about GameFi in our glossary.
Gas
Gas is the measurement unit for the amount of computational power required to complete a transaction on the Ethereum network. Learn more about Gas in our glossary. Explore this glos
Gas (ETH)
Gas is the cost of a transaction on the Ethereum network. Learn more about Gas (ETH) in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
Gas Fee
A gas fee is the amount you pay to complete a transaction on a blockchain. Learn more about Gas Fee in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applica
Gas fee optimization
Gas fee optimization refers to the process of reducing the transaction costs associated with executing operations on blockchain networks, particularly those that use Ethereum. Learn more about Gas fee optimi...
Gavin Wood
Gavin Wood is a prominent computer scientist and blockchain developer, best known for co-founding Ethereum alongside Vitalik Buterin. Learn more about Gavin Wood in our glossary. Ex
Generative AI
Generative AI refers to a subset of artificial intelligence used to produce new content, such as text, code, and images. Learn more about Generative AI in our glossary. Explore this
Genesis Block
A genesis block is the first ever block recorded on a blockchain. Learn more about Genesis Block in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applicatio
Geographical Service Restrictions
Our services are not available to retail clients residing in, or corporate clients registered or established in, the United Kingdom, the United States, the European Union, or other restricted jurisdictions.
Geotagged NFTs
A geotagged NFT is a non-fungible token that incorporates specific geographic location data into its metadata. Learn more about Geotagged NFTs in our glossary. Explore this glossary
Geth
Geth is a versatile Ethereum client enabling users to run nodes, interact with the blockchain, execute smart contracts, and manage accounts. Learn more about Geth in our glossary. E
Ghost Chain
A ghost chain is an effectively abandoned blockchain network with little to no user activity, developer support, or trading volume. Learn more about Ghost Chain in our glossary. Exp
GitHub
GitHub is a web-based platform that allows developers to create, store, share, manage, and collaborate on code. Learn more about GitHub in our glossary. Explore this glossary term t
Glamsterdam Planning
Glamsterdam planning refers to the ongoing process of determining which improvements will be included in Ethereum's Glamsterdam upgrade. Learn more about Glamsterdam Planning in our glossary.
Global remittance
Global remittance refers to the process of transferring money across international borders, typically by migrant workers sending a portion of their earnings back to family members in their home countries.
Golden Cross
A golden cross indicates a long-term bull market moving forward. Learn more about Golden Cross in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications
Gossip Protocol
A gossip protocol is a method for sharing information across a distributed network of computers without relying on a central authority. Learn more about Gossip Protocol in our glossary.
Governance
Governance is the method by which people and entities make decisions for a cryptocurrency project. Learn more about Governance in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to underst
Governance Token
A governance token is a form of utility token representing governance rights within a blockchain ecosystem, decentralised app (dapp), or decentralised finance (DeFi) protocol. Learn more about Governance Tok...
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
Commonly referred to as graphics cards or GPUs, a Graphics Processing Unit is a computer chip used in computers to create 3D images. Learn more about Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) in our glossary.
Greater fool theory
The Greater Fool Theory is an investment concept suggesting that one can profit from buying overvalued assets by selling them to someone else (the "greater fool") at a higher price.
Green Candle
A green candle symbolizes a rise in price or value, often used in financial charts to indicate a positive market trend. Learn more about Green Candle in our glossary. Explore this g
Green Payment Processing
Green Payment Processing refers to environmentally sustainable methods and technologies used in handling financial transactions. Learn more about Green Payment Processing in our glossary.
Guaranteed Processing
Guaranteed Processing refers to a commitment or assurance provided by a service provider or organization that a particular process, transaction, or application will be completed within a specified timeframe.
Gwei
Gwei is a denomination of Ethereum, representing a fraction of Ether. Learn more about Gwei in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.

HODL
HODL is a crypto slang term used to represent a style of investing. Learn more about HODL in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
HODLer
A ‘HODLer’ is someone who holds onto their digital assets long term, regardless of market volatility or price fluctuations. Learn more about HODLer in our glossary. Explore this glo
Hacking
Hacking is the unauthorized access or manipulation of computer systems, networks, or data, often for malicious purposes. Learn more about Hacking in our glossary. Explore this gloss
Hal Finney
Hal Finney was a pioneering figure in the world of cryptocurrency and is considered one of the most important early contributors to Bitcoin. Learn more about Hal Finney in our glossary.
Halving
Halving in crypto is an event that occurs in certain cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, to reduce the rate of issuance of new coins and maintain scarcity. Learn more about Halving in our glossary.
Hard Cap
A hard cap is the maximum number of tokens that a cryptocurrency project can ever produce. Learn more about Hard Cap in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key as
Hard Fork
A hard fork is a fundamental change to a blockchain's protocol that is not backward-compatible, resulting in a split between the old and new versions of the blockchain. Learn more about Hard Fork in our glos...
Hard Peg
A hard peg is a fixed exchange rate system where a country's currency value is tied directly to another currency or a basket of currencies, with little to no fluctuation allowed. Learn more about Hard Peg in...
Hardware Security Module (HSM)
A Hardware Security Module (HSM) is a hardware unit that safeguards and manages cryptographic keys. Learn more about Hardware Security Module (HSM) in our glossary. Explore this glo
Hardware Wallet
A hardware wallet is an offline physical cryptocurrency wallet. Learn more about Hardware Wallet in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applicatio
Hardware security module
A Hardware Security Module (HSM) is a specialized, tamper-resistant device designed to securely manage, process, and store cryptographic keys and perform cryptographic operations. Learn more about Hardware s...
Hash
In blockchain, a hash is the result of a cryptographic function that takes an input and produces a fixed-size string of characters. Learn more about Hash in our glossary. Explore th
Hash function
A hash function is a mathematical algorithm that transforms input data of any size into a fixed-size string of characters, typically a sequence of numbers and letters. Learn more about Hash function in our g...
Hashrate
In blockchain technology, a hashrate refers to the speed at which a computer can perform operations in the hashing algorithm. Learn more about Hashrate in our glossary. Explore this
Haskell (programming language)
Haskell is a statically-typed, purely functional programming language known for its strong emphasis on immutability and mathematical precision. Learn more about Haskell (programming language) in our glossary.
Hedging
Hedging refers to strategies that aim to reduce the risk of adverse price movement in an existing position. Learn more about Hedging in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to u
Herd Behaviour
Herd behaviour is a psychological phenomenon that occurs when market participants ‘follow the herd’ in their dealings, making decisions that are influenced by the collective decisions of other traders.
High Availability (HA)
High Availability (HA) refers to a system design approach and associated service implementation that ensures a certain level of operational performance, usually uptime, for a higher than normal period.
High Risk Merchant Account
A High Risk Merchant Account is a type of bank account specifically designed for businesses that operate in industries deemed high risk by financial institutions. Learn more about High Risk Merchant Account...
High-Frequency Trading
High-frequency trading is a trading strategy that uses complex algorithms to execute a large number of trades in fractions of a second. Learn more about High-Frequency Trading in our glossary.
High-Frequency Trading (HFT)
High-frequency trading (HFT) is a type of trading that involves high-speed trade execution. Learn more about High-Frequency Trading (HFT) in our glossary. Explore this glossary term
Higher Low
"Higher Low" refers to a technical analysis pattern in financial markets where the lowest price point in a given period is higher than the lowest price point in a previous period, indicating a potential upward
Honeyminer
Honeyminer is a cryptocurrency mining software that allows users to mine various cryptocurrencies using their computer's processing power. Learn more about Honeyminer in our glossary.
Honeypot
Honeypot scams are deceptive schemes that lure unsuspecting victims with the promise of lucrative rewards. Learn more about Honeypot in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to u
Hooks
In the context of blockchain, ‘hooks’ typically refer to pieces of code that allow developers to customise the behaviour of a blockchain protocol. Learn more about Hooks in our glossary.
Horizontal and Vertical Scaling
Horizontal and vertical scaling are strategies used to enhance the performance and capacity of computing systems. Learn more about Horizontal and Vertical Scaling in our glossary. E
Hosted Payment Page
A Hosted Payment Page (HPP) is a secure, third-party web page where customers are redirected to complete their online payment transactions. Learn more about Hosted Payment Page in our glossary.
Hot Storage
Hot storage, also known as a “hot wallet” is a crypto wallet that is connected to the internet, allowing users to manage their crypto assets online. Learn more about Hot Storage in our glossary.
Hot Wallet
A hot wallet is a tool that allows for storing cryptocurrency with a connection to the internet. Learn more about Hot Wallet in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understan
Hot cold failover
Hot cold failover is a disaster recovery strategy used in IT systems to ensure business continuity. Learn more about Hot cold failover in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
Howey test
The Howey Test is a legal standard used in the United States to determine whether a financial transaction qualifies as an "investment contract" and thus falls under the regulatory purview of the Securities and
Hybrid trading models
Hybrid trading models combine elements of both electronic and traditional floor trading systems to optimize the execution of trades. Learn more about Hybrid trading models in our glossary.
Hyperinflation
Hyperinflation is an economic condition characterized by an extremely rapid and out-of-control increase in prices, leading to the swift erosion of a currency's purchasing power. Learn more about Hyperinflati...

Iban
IBAN, or International Bank Account Number, is a standardized system of identifying bank accounts across national borders to facilitate international transactions. Learn more about Iban in our glossary.
Iceberg Order
An iceberg order is a single large order that has been divided into smaller limit orders. Learn more about Iceberg Order in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand ke
Identity Verification (IDV)
Identity Verification (IDV) is the process of confirming the validity and authenticity of an individual’s identity. Learn more about Identity Verification (IDV) in our glossary. Exp
Illiquid markets
Illiquid markets refer to financial markets where assets cannot be easily bought or sold without causing a significant change in their price. Learn more about Illiquid markets in our glossary.
Immutability
Immutability underpins the reliability and trustworthiness of blockchain technology by enhancing security, and preventing fraud and unauthorised alterations, making it a reliable ledger for transactions.
Immutable
The term “immutable” in the context of a blockchain implies that the data or ledger is permanent and tamper-proof, and its history cannot be modified or changed after its creation.
Impermanent Loss
Impermanent loss is a risk that occurs when participating in DeFi liquidity pools. Learn more about Impermanent Loss in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key as
Impermanent Loss (IL)
Impermanent loss occurs when the value of a token rises or falls after a trader has deposited it in a liquidity pool. Learn more about Impermanent Loss (IL) in our glossary. Explore
Impermanent loss insurance
Impermanent loss insurance is a financial product designed to protect liquidity providers in decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms from the temporary loss of funds that can occur when the price of assets in a
Impersonation Fraud
Impersonation fraud is a form of deception involving a malicious actor pretending to be someone else to exploit unsuspecting victims. Learn more about Impersonation Fraud in our glossary.
Impossible Trinity
The Impossible Trinity states that blockchains can only simultaneously achieve two out of either decentralisation, scalability, or security — but never all three. Learn more about Impossible Trinity in our g...
In-memory Data Store
An in-memory data store is a type of database management system that primarily relies on main memory (RAM) for data storage, rather than traditional disk storage. Learn more about In-memory Data Store in our...
In-the-Money / Out-of-the-Money
"In-the-Money" (ITM) and "Out-of-the-Money" (OTM) are terms used in options trading to describe the intrinsic value of an option. Learn more about In-the-Money / Out-of-the-Money in our glossary.
Incentive Network
An incentive network is a type of decentralized network that rewards a user’s behavior for actions that benefit the entire network. Learn more about Incentive Network in our glossary.
Infinite Mint Attack
An infinite mint attack is a situation where an attacker exploits a smart contract flaw or a cryptocurrency’s code to create an unlimited amount of tokens within a protocol. Learn more about Infinite Mint At...
Inflation
Inflation refers to a significant increase in asset prices over time due to a decline in the purchasing power of a specific currency. Learn more about Inflation in our glossary. Exp
Initial Coin Offering (ICO)
An initial coin offering (ICO) is a way for companies or projects to raise money by selling a new coin in exchange for investment capital. Learn more about Initial Coin Offering (ICO) in our glossary.
Initial DEX Offering (IDO)
An Initial DEX Offering (IDO) is a crowdfunding method that enables blockchain projects to release their native coins or tokens through a decentralized exchange (DEX). Learn more about Initial DEX Offering (...
Initial Exchange Offering (IEO)
An initial exchange offering (IEO) is when cryptocurrency projects and start-ups list through an exchange in order to generate capital. Learn more about Initial Exchange Offering (IEO) in our glossary.
Instant Bank Transfer
Instant Bank Transfer is a digital payment method that allows for the immediate transfer of funds between bank accounts. Learn more about Instant Bank Transfer in our glossary. Expl
Instant Payment Notification URL
The IPN (Instant Payment Notification) URL, also known as a callback URL, is a web address used by online payment systems to send real-time notifications to a merchant's server about the status of a
Instant Payment Notifications (IPN)
Instant Payment Notifications (IPN) is a method used by online payment systems to notify merchants about the status of a transaction in real-time. Learn more about Instant Payment Notifications (IPN) in our...
Institutional Investor
Institutional investors are large, corporate entities that bring professional expertise, liquidity, and legitimacy to the cryptocurrency market, playing a critical role in its evolution.
Insurance fund
Insurance fund is a financial reserve established by insurance companies, organizations, or governments to cover potential future claims or losses. Learn more about Insurance fund in our glossary.
Integrated Payments Plugins
Integrated Payments Plugins are software components designed to seamlessly incorporate payment processing capabilities into websites or applications. Learn more about Integrated Payments Plugins in our gloss...
Integrated application
An integrated application is a software solution that combines multiple functionalities or modules into a single, cohesive system. Learn more about Integrated application in our glossary.
Intellectual Property (IP)
The term intellectual property refers to intangible human creations that can be legally protected, such as music, artwork, and software. Learn more about Intellectual Property (IP) in our glossary.
Intelligent NFTs (iNFTs)
Intelligent NFTs (iNFTs) are non-fungible tokens enhanced with the capabilities of artificial intelligence agents. Learn more about Intelligent NFTs (iNFTs) in our glossary. Explore
Inter-Blockchain Communication Protocol (IBC)
The Inter-Blockchain Communication Protocol (IBC) is an open-source protocol that handles authentication and transport of data between blockchains. Learn more about Inter-Blockchain Communication Protocol (I...
InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)
An InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is a distributed, peer-to-peer system for sharing, storing and accessing files, digital data, applications, and websites. Learn more about InterPlanetary File System (IPF...
Interchange Fee
An interchange fee is a fee paid between banks for the acceptance of card-based transactions. Learn more about Interchange Fee in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to underst
Intermediation
Intermediation refers to the process by which an intermediary, such as a financial institution or broker, facilitates transactions between two parties. Learn more about Intermediation in our glossary.
Internalization
Internalization is when a broker fills a client order using its own inventory instead of routing to the market. Learn more about Internalization in our glossary. Explore this glossa
International Payment Methods
International payment methods refer to the various ways individuals and businesses can transfer money across borders. Learn more about International Payment Methods in our glossary.
Internet of Things (IoT)
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to devices able to connect and share information with each other over the internet. Learn more about Internet of Things (IoT) in our glossary. Ex
Interoperability
Blockchain interoperability refers to the ability of different blockchains to communicate with each other, enabling the seamless transfer of information and assets across distinct blockchains.
Intraday liquidity
Intraday liquidity refers to the funds available within a financial institution during the business day to meet its payment and settlement obligations. Learn more about Intraday liquidity in our glossary.
Intrinsic value
Intrinsic value refers to the inherent worth of an asset, investment, or entity, based on its fundamental characteristics and potential for future cash flows, rather than its current market price.
Inventory Risk
Inventory risk is the exposure a market maker faces when holding assets subject to price changes. Learn more about Inventory Risk in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to unde
Inverse Futures Contract
An inverse futures contract is a type of financial agreement obligating the seller to pay the buyer the price difference between a pre-specified price of an asset and its current value, upon the contract’s
Investment portfolio
An investment portfolio is a collection of financial assets such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and other securities held by an individual or institution. Learn more about Investment portfolio in our glossary.
Invoice
An invoice is a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer, detailing the products or services provided, their quantities, and agreed-upon prices. Learn more about Invoice in our glossary.
Issuing Bank
An issuing bank, also known as an issuer, is a financial institution that provides credit cards or other payment cards to consumers. Learn more about Issuing Bank in our glossary. E

JOMO
JOMO, or the ‘joy of missing out’, is an expression by those celebrating not diving into volatile trades or following every trend. Learn more about JOMO in our glossary. Explore thi
JSON Web Token (JWT)
A JWT (JSON Web Token) is a compact, URL-safe means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties. Learn more about JSON Web Token (JWT) in our glossary. Explore this
Jager
Jager is a unit of measurement which represents a fraction of the cryptocurrency BNB (Binance Coin). Learn more about Jager in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write, and easy for machines to parse and generate. Learn more about JavaScript Object Notation...
Joy Of Missing Out (JOMO)
Joy of missing out (JOMO) is a term that describes crypto enthusiasts who are happy they missed out on a plummeting coin or trade. Learn more about Joy Of Missing Out (JOMO) in our glossary.
Jupiter
Jupiter is a Solana-based decentralized exchange aggregator that consolidates liquidity from multiple DEXs. Learn more about Jupiter in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to u
Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction refers to the official power or authority given to a legal body, such as a court or government, to make decisions, enforce laws, and administer justice within a specific geographic area or over

KYB
KYB, short for "Know Your Business," is a regulatory process used by financial institutions and other organizations to verify the legitimacy and credibility of a business entity. Learn more about KYB in our...
KYC
KYC, or "Know Your Customer," is a process used by businesses, particularly financial institutions, to verify the identity of their clients. Learn more about KYC in our glossary. Ex
KYT
KYT, or "Know Your Transaction," is a compliance and risk management process used primarily in the financial and cryptocurrency sectors. Learn more about KYT in our glossary. Explor
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are measurable values used by organizations to evaluate their success in achieving key business objectives. Learn more about Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in our glossary.
Keylogger
A keylogger is a tool deployed by hackers to record keystrokes and access sensitive data from a victim’s computer. Learn more about Keylogger in our glossary. Explore this glossary
Kimchi Premium
Kimchi Premium refers to the price difference between cryptocurrencies traded on South Korean exchanges and those traded on other global exchanges, often higher in South Korea. Learn more about Kimchi Premiu...
Known Plaintext Attack
A known plaintext attack is a type of cyber attack where the bad actor has access to encrypted data and its corresponding plaintext. Learn more about Known Plaintext Attack in our glossary.

LFG
LFG is used to express excitement about a project in the crypto community. Learn more about LFG in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and application
Lachesis
Lachesis is a figure from Greek mythology, one of the three Fates or Moirai. Learn more about Lachesis in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and appl
Lagging Indicator
A lagging indicator is a tool that uses past price data to confirm a trend that is already in progress or has just completed. Learn more about Lagging Indicator in our glossary. Exp
Large Cap
"Large Cap" refers to companies with a large market capitalization, typically valued at $10 billion or more. Learn more about Large Cap in our glossary. Explore this glossary term t
Large block trades
Large block trades refer to the purchase or sale of a significant number of securities, typically stocks or bonds, in a single transaction. Learn more about Large block trades in our glossary.
Laser Eyes
"Laser Eyes" refers to a visual effect or phenomenon where a person's eyes appear to emit laser beams. Learn more about Laser Eyes in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to und
Last Look
Last look is a liquidity provider's final check before accepting or rejecting a trade. Learn more about Last Look in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspec
Latency
Latency is the time taken for a transaction to be verified and confirmed after it is submitted to the blockchain network. Learn more about Latency in our glossary. Explore this glos
Latency Optimization
Latency optimization refers to the process of reducing the delay or time it takes for data to be transferred from one point to another in a network or system. Learn more about Latency Optimization in our glo...
Latency arbitrage
Latency arbitrage is a trading strategy used in financial markets that exploits the small time delays (latency) in the dissemination of market information. Learn more about Latency arbitrage in our glossary.
Latency benchmarking
Latency benchmarking is the process of measuring and evaluating the time delay experienced in a system or network when processing data or executing tasks. Learn more about Latency benchmarking in our glossary.
Law of Accelerating Returns
The Law of Accelerating Returns posits that the rate of technological progress increases exponentially, leading to rapid advancements and transformative changes in society. Learn more about Law of Accelerati...
Layer 1 Blockchain
Layer 1 is the foundational layer of a blockchain network that provides the underlying infrastructure to securely process and validate transactions. Learn more about Layer 1 Blockchain in our glossary.
Layer 2 Blockchain
A layer 2 blockchain is a secondary network built on top of an existing blockchain network. Learn more about Layer 2 Blockchain in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to unders
Layer-0
Layer-0 is typically seen as the first layer of a blockchain, offering a stronger and more developed alternative to smart contracts. Learn more about Layer-0 in our glossary. Explor
Layer-1
Layer-1 is typically defined as a base-layer blockchain. Learn more about Layer-1 in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
Layer-2
Layer-2 is a type of scaling solution for Layer-1 blockchains. Learn more about Layer-2 in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
Layer-2 rollups
Layer-2 rollups are a scaling solution for blockchain networks, particularly Ethereum, designed to increase transaction throughput and reduce fees. Learn more about Layer-2 rollups in our glossary.
Layer-2 solutions
Layer-2 solutions are technologies or protocols built on top of a blockchain's base layer (Layer 1) to enhance its scalability, speed, and efficiency. Learn more about Layer-2 solutions in our glossary.
Leading Indicator
A leading indicator is a tool that attempts to predict future price movements, providing early signals for potential trend changes. Learn more about Leading Indicator in our glossary.
Ledger
A ledger is a record-keeping system that tracks participants’ identities, balances, and transactions within a certain network. Learn more about Ledger in our glossary. Explore this
Ledger Reconciliation
Ledger reconciliation is the process of comparing and verifying financial records in a ledger to ensure accuracy and consistency. Learn more about Ledger Reconciliation in our glossary.
Left-Translated Cycle
A left-translated or left-sided cycle refers to a pattern in asset price movement with an earlier-than-expected increase in value, which can then be followed by a significant drop.
Leverage
Leverage can help to increase the potential return on investment for cryptocurrency traders by allowing them to open positions larger than their actual capital by borrowing funds. Learn more about Leverage i...
Liability
Liability refers to a legal or financial obligation or responsibility that an individual or organization is required to fulfill. Learn more about Liability in our glossary. Explore
Libp2p
Libp2p is a modular network stack that enables the development of peer-to-peer applications. Learn more about Libp2p in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key as
Licensed Business
A licensed business is a commercial entity that has obtained the necessary permits and approvals from relevant government authorities to legally operate within a specific jurisdiction.
Light Node
A light node is a blockchain component that stores limited or lightweight information rather than a complete copy of the network. Learn more about Light Node in our glossary. Explor
Lightning Network
The Lightning Network is a Layer-2 protocol built on top of the Bitcoin blockchain. Learn more about Lightning Network in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key
Limit FOK order
A Fill-Or-Kill (FOK) order is a type of financial trading order used in the stock and securities markets. Learn more about Limit FOK order in our glossary. Explore this glossary ter
Limit IOC order
An "Immediate or Cancel" (IOC) order is a type of stock market order that instructs the broker to execute the order immediately and cancel any portion that cannot be filled right away.
Limit Order
A limit order is an instruction to buy or sell an asset or security at a specific price level. Learn more about Limit Order in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand
Limit post-only order
A "limit post-only order" is a type of trading order used in financial markets. Learn more about Limit post-only order in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key
Liquid Staking
Liquid staking is a mechanism that allows users to lock up their cryptocurrency while still retaining their liquidity and tradability. Learn more about Liquid Staking in our glossary.
Liquid Staking Derivatives
Liquid Staking Derivatives are financial instruments that represent staked cryptocurrency assets, allowing holders to trade or utilize them while still earning staking rewards. Learn more about Liquid Stakin...
Liquid market
A liquid market is a financial market characterized by high levels of trading activity and ease of buying and selling assets without causing significant price changes. Learn more about Liquid market in our g...
Liquidation
Liquidation in crypto refers to the process of converting assets, typically leveraged positions or collateral, into cash to cover losses or repay borrowed funds when the market moves unfavorably.
Liquidation Call
A liquidation call is the process where a trading platform forcibly closes a trader's position because the margin account balance falls below the required maintenance margin. Learn more about Liquidation Cal...
Liquidity
Liquidity refers to the ease with which a cryptocurrency can be bought or sold in the market without causing a significant impact on its price. Learn more about Liquidity in our glossary.
Liquidity Mining
Liquidity mining is a process where users provide cryptocurrency liquidity to decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms in exchange for rewards, often in the form of additional tokens.
Liquidity Pool
A liquidity pool is a collection of cryptocurrencies used to facilitate transactions on a decentralised exchange. Learn more about Liquidity Pool in our glossary. Explore this gloss
Liquidity Provider (LP)
A liquidity provider (LP) is a user who commits their cryptocurrency to a liquidity pool. Learn more about Liquidity Provider (LP) in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to und
Liquidity Taker
A liquidity taker executes trades against available orders in the market, consuming liquidity. Learn more about Liquidity Taker in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to unders
Liquidity aggregation
Liquidity aggregation refers to the process of consolidating liquidity from multiple sources to provide a more comprehensive and efficient trading environment. Learn more about Liquidity aggregation in our g...
Liquidity aggregator
A liquidity aggregator is a financial technology platform or tool that consolidates liquidity from multiple sources, such as various exchanges, market makers, and liquidity pools, into a single interface.
Liquidity drain
Liquidity drain refers to a situation in which there is a significant reduction in the availability of liquid assets or cash within a financial system or market. Learn more about Liquidity drain in our gloss...
Liquidity flow
Liquidity flow refers to the movement and availability of liquid assets within financial markets or institutions. Learn more about Liquidity flow in our glossary. Explore this gloss
Liquidity fragmentation
Liquidity fragmentation refers to the division or dispersion of market liquidity across multiple trading venues or platforms, rather than being concentrated in a single market. Learn more about Liquidity fra...
Liquidity metrics
Liquidity metrics are financial indicators used to assess a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations and convert assets into cash quickly. Learn more about Liquidity metrics in our glossary.
Liquidity mining rewards
Liquidity mining rewards refer to the incentives provided to users who supply liquidity to decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. Learn more about Liquidity mining rewards in our glossary.
Liquidity optimization
Liquidity optimization refers to the strategic management of a company's assets and liabilities to ensure that it has sufficient cash flow to meet its short-term obligations and operational needs.
Liquidity pool rewards
Liquidity pool rewards refer to the incentives provided to participants who contribute their assets to a liquidity pool in a decentralized finance (DeFi) platform. Learn more about Liquidity pool rewards in...
Liquidity stress testing models
Liquidity stress testing models are analytical tools used by financial institutions to evaluate their ability to meet short-term obligations under adverse conditions. Learn more about Liquidity stress testin...
Liveness
Liveness refers to the quality or state of being alive, active, or animated. Learn more about Liveness in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and appl
Load Balancing
Load balancing is a technique used in computing and networking to distribute workloads across multiple servers or resources to ensure optimal resource utilization, minimize response time, and prevent any
Load Shedding
Load shedding is a controlled process used by utility companies to reduce the demand on the electrical grid by temporarily turning off power to certain areas. Learn more about Load Shedding in our glossary.
Loan to value (LTV)
Loan to Value (LTV) is a financial term used to express the ratio of a loan to the value of an asset purchased. Learn more about Loan to value (LTV) in our glossary. Explore this gl
Local Payment Methods
Local payment methods refer to the various financial transaction systems and tools that are commonly used within a specific country or region to facilitate payments. Learn more about Local Payment Methods in...
LockBit Ransomware
LockBit ransomware is a subclass of malicious software designed to block user access to data on computer systems until they pay a ransom. Learn more about LockBit Ransomware in our glossary.
Lockup
In cryptocurrency and blockchain, ‘lockup’ refers to a period during which certain tokens or coins are restricted from being sold, transferred, or traded. Learn more about Lockup in our glossary.
Long
In trading, ‘long’ refers to a strategy where a trader buys an asset with the expectation that its value will increase over time. Learn more about Long in our glossary. Explore this
Long position
A long position is a financial term used in investing and trading to describe the purchase of a security, such as stocks, bonds, or commodities, with the expectation that its value will increase over time.
Loss Aversion
Loss aversion is a cognitive bias where traders feel worse from losses than good from gains, even though the losses and gains are of the same amount. Learn more about Loss Aversion in our glossary.
Loss Prevention
Loss prevention refers to the strategies and measures implemented by businesses to reduce the risk of theft, fraud, and other forms of financial loss. Learn more about Loss Prevention in our glossary.
Low Latency
Low latency refers to the minimal delay or time lag in the processing and transmission of data. Learn more about Low Latency in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understan
Lower High
"Lower High" refers to a point in a downtrend where the price reaches a peak that is lower than the previous peak, indicating continued downward momentum. Learn more about Lower High in our glossary.
Loyalty Program
A loyalty program is a marketing strategy designed to encourage customers to continue to shop at or use the services of a business associated with the program. Learn more about Loyalty Program in our glossary.

Machine learning for anomaly detection
Machine learning for anomaly detection involves using algorithms and models to identify patterns in data that deviate from the norm. Learn more about Machine learning for anomaly detection in our glossary.
Mainchain
The mainchain is essentially the backbone of any blockchain network, providing the fundamental infrastructure for decentralised applications (dapps) and transactions. Learn more about Mainchain in our glossary.
Mainnet
A mainnet is a blockchain that runs independently, typically with its own technology, protocol, and network. Learn more about Mainnet in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
Maker Fee
A maker fee applies when a user places orders that are not immediately filled, adding liquidity to a trading platform's order book. Learn more about Maker Fee in our glossary. Explo
Margin Call
A margin call occurs when the value of a trader's margin account falls below the required maintenance margin level set by the exchange or trading platform. Learn more about Margin Call in our glossary.
Margin Trading
Margin trading is the practice of trading with borrowed money to improve one’s trading position. Learn more about Margin Trading in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to under
Market Bubble
A market bubble is when the prices of cryptocurrencies significantly rise above their intrinsic value due to excessive market speculation and trader enthusiasm. Learn more about Market Bubble in our glossary.
Market Cap
Market cap refers to the total dollar value of a cryptocurrency in circulation. Learn more about Market Cap in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and
Market Capitalization
Market capitalization is a measure of the total value of a cryptocurrency. Learn more about Market Capitalization in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspec
Market Correction
A market correction refers to a temporary price decline that occurs after a period of upward price movement or overvaluation, typically defined as a price drop of 10% or more from its recent peak.
Market Data Feeds
Market data feeds are real-time streams of financial information provided by exchanges and financial institutions. Learn more about Market Data Feeds in our glossary. Explore this g
Market Depth
Market depth is a visualization of how many buy and sell orders are currently available for a specific cryptocurrency at different price levels. Learn more about Market Depth in our glossary.
Market FOK order
A "Fill or Kill" (FOK) order is a type of market order used in trading that mandates the immediate execution of the entire order at the specified price or better. Learn more about Market FOK order in our glo...
Market Halt
A market halt temporarily stops trading of an asset due to volatility or regulatory intervention. Learn more about Market Halt in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to underst
Market IOC order
A Market IOC (Immediate-Or-Cancel) order is a type of stock market order that instructs the broker to execute the trade immediately at the current market price. Learn more about Market IOC order in our gloss...
Market Impact
Market impact is the price movement caused by executing a large trade in the market. Learn more about Market Impact in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key asp
Market Microstructure
Market microstructure refers to the study of the processes and mechanisms that facilitate the trading of financial securities. Learn more about Market Microstructure in our glossary.
Market Order
A market order is where a trader instructs an exchange to immediately buy or sell a cryptocurrency at the best available current market price. Learn more about Market Order in our glossary.
Market Sentiment
Market sentiment in the cryptocurrency realm reflects the emotions and attitudes of market participants, influences buying and selling decisions, and often drives volatility. Learn more about Market Sentimen...
Market bridging
Market bridging refers to the strategic process of connecting different markets or segments to facilitate the flow of goods, services, or information. Learn more about Market bridging in our glossary.
Market depth indicator
The Market Depth Indicator is a financial tool used by traders and investors to visualize the supply and demand dynamics of a particular security in the order book. Learn more about Market depth indicator in...
Market evolution
Market evolution refers to the dynamic process through which markets change and develop over time. Learn more about Market evolution in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to u
Market health
Market health refers to the overall condition and performance of a financial market, indicating its stability, efficiency, and growth potential. Learn more about Market health in our glossary.
Market maker
A market maker is a financial intermediary or firm that actively buys and sells securities, such as stocks or bonds, to provide liquidity and facilitate smooth trading in financial markets.
Market microstructure analysis
Market microstructure analysis is the study of the processes and systems that facilitate the trading of financial securities. Learn more about Market microstructure analysis in our glossary.
Market neutral strategies
Market neutral strategies are investment approaches designed to minimize exposure to overall market movements, aiming to generate returns regardless of market direction. Learn more about Market neutral strat...
Market neutrality
Market neutrality is an investment strategy aimed at minimizing exposure to overall market movements, thereby reducing the risk associated with market volatility. Learn more about Market neutrality in our gl...
Market risk
Market risk refers to the potential for financial loss due to fluctuations in market prices, such as changes in stock prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates, and commodity prices.
Marlowe
Marlowe is a domain-specific language designed for creating, testing, and deploying secure smart contracts focused on financial transactions. Learn more about Marlowe in our glossary.
Mass Payout
Mass Payout refers to the process of distributing payments to a large number of recipients simultaneously. Learn more about Mass Payout in our glossary. Explore this glossary term t
Masternodes
Masternodes are specialized servers within a blockchain network that perform critical tasks beyond simple transaction validation. Learn more about Masternodes in our glossary. Explo
Matching Engine
A matching engine is a core component of financial exchanges, such as stock markets or cryptocurrency platforms, responsible for pairing buy and sell orders. Learn more about Matching Engine in our glossary.
Matching Engine Architecture
A matching engine architecture is a critical component of financial exchanges and trading platforms, designed to efficiently pair buy and sell orders for various financial instruments such as stocks,
Maximal Extractable Value (MEV)
Maximal extractable value (MEV) is the maximum value block producers (miners or validators) can obtain by including, reordering, or excluding transactions when producing a new block.
Medium of exchange
A medium of exchange is an intermediary instrument or system used to facilitate the sale, purchase, or trade of goods and services between parties. Learn more about Medium of exchange in our glossary.
Meme Coin
Meme coins are a type of cryptocurrency inspired by memes and internet jokes. Learn more about Meme Coin in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and ap
MemeFi
MemeFi is a social game that combines the aspects of blockchain gaming and the meme culture. Learn more about MemeFi in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key as
Memorandum Of Understanding (MOU)
A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) is a formal but non-binding agreement between two or more parties that outlines the terms and details of a mutual understanding or collaboration.
Mempool
Short for ‘memory pool’, a mempool serves as a temporary storage area for pending transactions that have been broadcast to the network but not yet confirmed by miners or validators.
Mempool Space
A mempool space is a software application that queries the Bitcoin blockchain and displays essential information about the current state of the mempool. Learn more about Mempool Space in our glossary.
Merchant Account
A merchant account is a type of bank account that allows businesses to accept and process electronic payment transactions, primarily from credit and debit cards. Learn more about Merchant Account in our glos...
Merchant Account Provider
A Merchant Account Provider is a financial institution or service company that offers businesses the ability to accept credit and debit card payments. Learn more about Merchant Account Provider in our glossary.
Merchant Category Code (MCC)
A Merchant Category Code (MCC) is a four-digit number used by credit card companies to classify businesses by the type of goods or services they provide. Learn more about Merchant Category Code (MCC) in our...
Merkle Leaf
A Merkle leaf is the bottom-most node of a Merkle tree — a type of data structure that efficiently organises and verifies data using cryptographic hashes. Learn more about Merkle Leaf in our glossary.
Merkle Proof
A Merkle proof allows for efficient and secure data verification in blockchain without requiring full access to the entire data structure. Learn more about Merkle Proof in our glossary.
Merkle Root
A key concept in how data is securely and efficiently verified within a blockchain, a Merkle root represents the combined hash of all transactions within a block. Learn more about Merkle Root in our glossary.
Merkle Tree
A Merkle tree is a data structure constructed by hashing paired data and summarising all the transactions in a block by producing a digital fingerprint of the entire set of transactions.
Message Queueing Systems
Message queueing systems are middleware technologies that enable asynchronous communication between different components of a software application. Learn more about Message Queueing Systems in our glossary.
Metadata
Metadata plays a crucial role in enhancing the usability, transparency, and functionality of blockchain networks, helping participants understand the context and details of the data being processed and
Metaverse
The Metaverse is a simulated digital environment that combines aspects of blockchain technology, social media, online gaming, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR) to create a 3D virtual space.
Metcalfe’s Law
Metcalfe's Law is a principle in network theory that states the value of a network is proportional to the square of the number of its users. Learn more about Metcalfe’s Law in our glossary.
MiCA
MiCA is an EU regulation that establishes requirements for crypto‑asset service providers. Learn more about MiCA in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspect
MiCA Legislation
The EU's MiCA legislation establishes a legal framework for the digital asset market and its service providers. Learn more about MiCA Legislation in our glossary. Explore this gloss
Mica regulation
Mica regulation refers to the set of rules and guidelines governing the extraction, production, and use of mica, a mineral commonly used in various industries such as cosmetics, electronics, and automotive.
Michael Saylor
Michael Saylor is the Executive Chairman of Strategy, best known for popularizing the corporate Bitcoin treasury strategy. Learn more about Michael Saylor in our glossary. Explore t
Micro Cap
Micro Cap refers to companies with a market capitalization typically between $50 million and $300 million. Learn more about Micro Cap in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
Micropayment
A micropayment is a financial transaction involving a very small sum of money, typically used for online services or digital content. Learn more about Micropayment in our glossary.
Microservices Architecture
Microservices architecture is a software development approach where an application is structured as a collection of loosely coupled, independently deployable services. Learn more about Microservices Architec...
Microtransaction
A microtransaction is a small financial transaction conducted online, often used in video games and apps to purchase virtual goods or unlock additional features. Learn more about Microtransaction in our glos...
Mid Cap
Mid Cap refers to companies with a market capitalization (total market value of a company's outstanding shares) that falls between large-cap and small-cap companies. Learn more about Mid Cap in our glossary.
Middleware queue management
Middleware queue management refers to the process of efficiently handling and organizing messages or tasks in a middleware system. Learn more about Middleware queue management in our glossary.
Middleware solutions
Middleware solutions refer to software that acts as an intermediary layer between different applications or systems, facilitating communication, data management, and integration. Learn more about Middleware...
Mimetic Theory
Mimetic Theory, developed by René Girard, posits that human behavior and culture are driven by imitation, leading to rivalry and conflict, which are resolved through scapegoating mechanisms.
Mineable
Mineable refers to the capability of a cryptocurrency to be created or obtained through the process of mining, which involves solving complex mathematical problems to validate transactions and secure the
Miner
A miner is a computer (also known as a node) that solves mathematical problems relating to a cryptocurrency transaction in return for a block reward. Learn more about Miner in our glossary.
Miner Extractable Value (MEV)
Miner Extractable Value (MEV) refers to the potential profit that miners or validators can extract from blockchain transactions by reordering, including, or excluding transactions within a block.
Miner Fee
A miner fee is the fee that a blockchain charges to process and confirm transactions on the network. Learn more about Miner Fee in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to unders
Minimum viable product (MVP)
A Minimum Viable Product (MVP) is a development strategy used by startups and businesses to introduce a new product to the market with the most essential features. Learn more about Minimum viable product (MV...
Mining
Mining is the process that projects use to generate new coins and verify blockchain transactions. Learn more about Mining in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand k
Mining Difficulty
Mining difficulty is a measure of how hard and time-consuming it is to mine a new block in a proof-of-work blockchain. Learn more about Mining Difficulty in our glossary. Explore th
Mining Farm
A mining farm is a facility housing numerous computers and specialized hardware to mine cryptocurrencies by solving complex mathematical problems, thereby validating transactions on a blockchain network.
Mining Pool
A mining pool is a group of miners that combines its computational resources (hashing power) to increase the probability of finding a block and mining cryptocurrencies. Learn more about Mining Pool in our gl...
Mining Reward
A mining reward, otherwise referred to as a block reward, is a newly minted cryptocurrency given to a miner who successfully mines a new block on a blockchain. Learn more about Mining Reward in our glossary.
Mining Rig
A mining rig is a specialized computer system designed for the purpose of mining cryptocurrencies. Learn more about Mining Rig in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to underst
Miniscript
Miniscript is a dynamic and flexible, high-level programming language for expressing Bitcoin Scripts in a structured way. Learn more about Miniscript in our glossary. Explore this g
Mint
‘Minting’ is the process where non-fungible tokens (NFTs) or new coins/tokens are generally generated on Proof of Stake (PoS) blockchains. Learn more about Mint in our glossary. Exp
Mint Price
Mint price is the cost an individual would need to pay to publish an NFT on a particular blockchain. Learn more about Mint Price in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to under
Minting
Minting in the context of blockchain refers to the mechanism through which new coins or tokens are produced and introduced into circulation. Learn more about Minting in our glossary.
Mobile Wallet
A mobile wallet is a built-in feature or software application that can be installed on a smartphone. Learn more about Mobile Wallet in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to un
Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT)
In Modern Portfolio Theory, traders aim to achieve an optimal mix of assets that balances the potential for high returns with acceptable levels of risk despite the inherent volatility of the cryptocurrency
Modular Blockchain
A modular blockchain is a blockchain that specializes in performing a few responsibilities or functions and delegating the rest to other layers. Learn more about Modular Blockchain in our glossary.
Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS)
The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) is Singapore's central bank and financial regulatory authority, responsible for overseeing the country's monetary policy, financial sector stability, and economic
Money transmitter
A money transmitter is a financial service provider that facilitates the transfer of funds from one individual or entity to another. Learn more about Money transmitter in our glossary.
Moon/Mooning
‘Mooning’ refers to a dramatic increase in the price of a particular cryptocurrency, leading to substantial gains. Learn more about Moon/Mooning in our glossary. Explore this glossa
Move-to-Earn
Move-to-Earn is a concept in the Web3 ecosystem through which people are rewarded for physical activities like walking, jogging, and running. Learn more about Move-to-Earn in our glossary.
Moving Average
A moving average (MA) is an indicator that smooths out price data by creating a constantly updated average price over a specific period. Learn more about Moving Average in our glossary.
Multi Threaded Processing
Multi-threaded processing is a computing technique where multiple threads are used to execute tasks concurrently within a single process. Learn more about Multi Threaded Processing in our glossary.
Multi-Asset Support
Multi-asset support refers to the capability of a platform, system, or service to handle and manage multiple types of assets. Learn more about Multi-Asset Support in our glossary. E
Multi-Dealer Platform (MDP)
A Multi-Dealer Platform (MDP) is an electronic trading system that allows buyers to access quotes and execute trades with multiple dealers or liquidity providers in a centralized marketplace.
Multi-Signature Authentication
Multi-signature authentication is a powerful tool for enhancing security, sharing control, and providing redundancy in cryptocurrency and blockchain applications. Learn more about Multi-Signature Authenticat...
Multi-Signature Wallet
A multi-signature (multisig) wallet is a type of digital wallet that requires multiple private keys to authorise a transaction. Learn more about Multi-Signature Wallet in our glossary.
Multi-chain Settlement
Multi‑chain settlement enables finalizing transactions across several blockchain networks. Learn more about Multi-chain Settlement in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to und
Multi-level marketing (MLM)
Multi-level marketing (MLM) is a business strategy where individuals sell products or services directly to consumers and earn commissions not only on their sales but also on the sales made by people they
Multichain
A multichain is an application designed to operate across isolated chains, allowing them to communicate with each other. Learn more about Multichain in our glossary. Explore this gl
Multisignature
Multisignature or “multisig” transactions are a type of transaction that requires multiple signatures for a single transaction to be executed. Learn more about Multisignature in our glossary.

NFT
An NFT, short for ‘non-fungible token’, is a unique, irreplaceable asset that lives on a blockchain. Learn more about NFT in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand k
NFT Collection
An NFT collection refers to a group or series of non-fungible tokens (NFTs), which are digital tokens minted on a blockchain and typically bought, sold, and traded on various blockchain-based marketplaces.
NFT ID
An NFT ID represents the identification number of an NFT in a collection. Learn more about NFT ID in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applicati
NFT Mystery Box
NFT mystery boxes are digital packages containing a random selection of non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Learn more about NFT Mystery Box in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to u
NFT Sales Volume Index (7D)
The NFT Sales Volume Index (7D) shows the price and number of editions of a non-fungible token (NFT) collection sold over a 7-day (7D) period. Learn more about NFT Sales Volume Index (7D) in our glossary.
NGMI
NGMI stands for "Not Gonna Make It." It's a slang term often used in online communities, particularly in the context of cryptocurrency, finance, and gaming. Learn more about NGMI in our glossary.
Nakamoto Coefficient
The Nakamoto Coefficient measures how decentralized a blockchain is by counting the minimum number of independent entities (nodes) required to disrupt or take control of the network.
Nested Blockchain
Nested blockchains are a Layer 2 scaling solution that operate on top of a main blockchain, to improve transaction processing and overall network efficiency. Learn more about Nested Blockchain in our glossary.
Net settlement
Net settlement is a financial process used to streamline transactions between parties by consolidating multiple transactions into a single payment. Learn more about Net settlement in our glossary.
Network Congestion
Network congestion occurs when a blockchain has more pending transactions than it can process. Learn more about Network Congestion in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to und
Network Effects
Network effects is the phenomenon through which a product or service becomes more valuable or useful as more people use it. Learn more about Network Effects in our glossary. Explore
Network Fee
A network fee, also called a miner fee, is the fee that users pay a blockchain network to conduct a transaction on that network. Learn more about Network Fee in our glossary. Explor
Network Latency
Network latency refers to the time it takes for data to travel from its source to its destination across a network. Learn more about Network Latency in our glossary. Explore this gl
Network Latency Monitoring
Network latency monitoring refers to the process of measuring and analyzing the time it takes for data to travel across a network from one point to another. Learn more about Network Latency Monitoring in our...
Network Packet Inspection
Network acket inspection is a process used in computer networking to examine and analyze data packets as they pass through a network. Learn more about Network Packet Inspection in our glossary.
Network State
A network state is a digital community that uses cryptocurrency to crowdfund physical territory with the goal of becoming a sovereign nation. Learn more about Network State in our glossary.
Network congestion management
Network congestion management refers to the techniques and strategies used to control and alleviate congestion in a network, ensuring efficient data flow and optimal performance. Learn more about Network con...
Network latency optimization
Network latency optimization refers to the process of reducing the time it takes for data to travel across a network from the source to the destination. Learn more about Network latency optimization in our g...
Newb
A "newb" is a slang term for a newcomer or beginner, often used in online communities to describe someone who is inexperienced or unfamiliar with a particular activity or subject. Learn more about Newb in ou...
Nick Szabo
Nick Szabo is credited with the idea of the smart contract and the project Bit Gold. Learn more about Nick Szabo in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspect
Nifty Gateway
Nifty Gateway is a digital art platform that allows users to buy, sell, and trade NFTs (non-fungible tokens) from various artists and creators. Learn more about Nifty Gateway in our glossary.
No-Coiner
A no-coiner is an individual who believes cryptocurrencies have no significant value and, therefore, holds none. Learn more about No-Coiner in our glossary. Explore this glossary te
Node
A node is a computer or device that participates in the network by maintaining a copy of the blockchain and validating transactions. Learn more about Node in our glossary. Explore t
Nominators
In the crypto space, a nominator is a participant in a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) or related consensus mechanism who supports the network by selecting and backing validators. Learn more about Nominators in our glo...
Non-Custodial
Non-custodial refers to a type of cryptocurrency wallet or service where the user has full control over their private keys and funds. Learn more about Non-Custodial in our glossary.
Non-Custodial Wallet
A non-custodial wallet, also known as a self-custody wallet, is a digital wallet that allows individuals to securely store and manage their digital assets without relying on a third-party custodian.
Non-Fungible Token (NFT)
A non-fungible token (NFT) is a unique, irreplaceable asset that lives on a blockchain. Learn more about Non-Fungible Token (NFT) in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to unde
Non-custodial Execution
Non-custodial execution allows users to trade without transferring asset custody to the execution venue. Learn more about Non-custodial Execution in our glossary. Explore this gloss
Non-custodial Infrastructure
Non‑custodial infrastructure enables trading without requiring asset custody transfer. Learn more about Non-custodial Infrastructure in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to u
Nonce
A nonce is an arbitrary number generated only once by a miner when they hash a transaction. Learn more about Nonce in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspe
Nostr
Nostr is a decentralized protocol that enables users to exchange signed text messages via a network of relays rather than centralized servers. Learn more about Nostr in our glossary.

OCO Order
OCO (one-cancels-the-other) orders allow traders to set two orders simultaneously (often a limit order and a stop order), with the idea that if one of the orders gets executed, the other order is automatically
OMS
An OMS is software used to manage, route, and track client orders. Learn more about OMS in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
ORC-20 Token
The ORC-20 token standard is an open framework to enhance BRC-20 tokens on the Bitcoin network. Learn more about ORC-20 Token in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understa
Odysee
Odysee is a decentralized video-sharing platform that leverages blockchain technology to provide a censorship-resistant and user-driven experience. Learn more about Odysee in our glossary.
Off ramp
An off-ramp in the crypto space is a service or process that enables users to convert their cryptocurrency holdings into fiat currency, such as USD or EUR, which can be deposited into a bank account or
Off-Chain
Off-chain refers to transactions or activities that occur outside the blockchain, often addressing scalability, speed, and cost issues associated with on-chain transactions. Learn more about Off-Chain in our...
Off-Chain Transaction
Off-chain transactions is a transfer of value or data, including transactions, that occurs outside a given blockchain network. Learn more about Off-Chain Transaction in our glossary.
Office of the comptroller of the currency (OCC)
The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) is a bureau within the U.S. Learn more about Office of the comptroller of the currency (OCC) in our glossary. Explore this glossa
Offline Storage
Offline storage is the method of holding private keys in devices not connected to the internet. Learn more about Offline Storage in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to under
Offshore Account
An offshore account is a bank account held in a country other than the one in which the account holder resides or where the funds are generated. Learn more about Offshore Account in our glossary.
On ramp
An on-ramp crypto is a service or platform that allows users to convert traditional fiat currency (like USD or EUR) into cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin or Ethereum. Learn more about On ramp in our glossary.
On-Balance Volume (OBV)
On-Balance Volume (OBV) is a technical analysis indicator that measures buying and selling pressure by adding volume on up days and subtracting volume on down days. Learn more about On-Balance Volume (OBV) i...
On-Chain
On-chain transactions are transactions that are recorded on the blockchain’s distributed ledger and are publicly accessible to anyone who has a copy of the blockchain’s ledger. Learn more about On-Chain in o...
Onboarding process
The onboarding process is a structured approach used by organizations to integrate new employees into the company. Learn more about Onboarding process in our glossary. Explore this
Ondo Finance
Ondo Finance is a decentralized finance protocol that brings financial products and services on-chain through tokenization. Learn more about Ondo Finance in our glossary. Explore th
One-Cancels-The-Other (OCO) Order
A one-cancels-the-other (OCO) order is a set of orders placed with the condition that if one is triggered or executed, the other is canceled. Learn more about One-Cancels-The-Other (OCO) Order in our glossary.
Online Banking
Online banking is a digital service that allows individuals and businesses to conduct financial transactions and manage their bank accounts over the internet. Learn more about Online Banking in our glossary.
Online Storage
Online storage refers to the act of storing or holding data on a medium that connects to the internet. Learn more about Online Storage in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
Open Interest
Open Interest refers to the total number of outstanding derivative contracts, such as options or futures, that have not been settled or closed. Learn more about Open Interest in our glossary.
Open Price
Open price indicates the price that an asset first trades at within a given period, typically a day. Learn more about Open Price in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to under
Open-Source
Open-source is a term used to describe a publicly accessible software programme that users are free to inspect, modify, and share. Learn more about Open-Source in our glossary. Expl
Open-Source Blockchain
An open-source blockchain refers to a blockchain network or protocol whose source code is made publicly available, allowing anyone to freely view, modify, and distribute the code. Learn more about Open-Sourc...
Operational liquidity
Operational liquidity refers to the ability of a business to meet its short-term financial obligations using its available liquid assets. Learn more about Operational liquidity in our glossary.
Operational risk
Operational risk refers to the potential for losses resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, systems, or external events. Learn more about Operational risk in our glossary.
Optimistic Rollup
An optimistic rollup is a Layer-2 scaling solution designed to enhance the throughput and efficiency of blockchains, allowing transactions to be processed off-chain, where multiple transactions are bundled
Options
Options are a type of contract that grants a trader the right, rather than the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price within a specific timeframe. Learn more about Options in...
Options market
The options market is a financial marketplace where participants can trade options contracts, which are derivatives that give the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at
Oracle
An oracle is a bridge that connects blockchain networks with external data sources or systems. Learn more about Oracle in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key
Orange Pill
The term “orange pill” is crypto slang describing a theoretical pill that a Bitcoin diehard takes. Learn more about Orange Pill in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to unders
Order Book
An order book is a real-time, continuously updated list of buy and sell orders for a particular cryptocurrency that displays the prices and quantities of orders. Learn more about Order Book in our glossary.
Order Book Data
Order book data refers to the electronic list of buy and sell orders for a specific financial instrument, such as a stock, bond, or cryptocurrency, organized by price level. Learn more about Order Book Data...
Order Book Management
Order book management refers to the process of organizing, maintaining, and analyzing the order book in financial markets. Learn more about Order Book Management in our glossary. Ex
Order Latency
Order latency is the delay between submitting a trade and its execution due to processing or network speed. Learn more about Order Latency in our glossary. Explore this glossary ter
Order Matching Logic
Order matching logic refers to the algorithmic process used in financial markets and trading platforms to pair buy and sell orders for securities, commodities, or other financial instruments.
Order Queue Management
Order queue management refers to the process of organizing, prioritizing, and efficiently handling customer orders in a systematic manner. Learn more about Order Queue Management in our glossary.
Order Types
Order types refer to the various methods or instructions that traders and investors use to buy or sell securities in financial markets. Learn more about Order Types in our glossary.
Order aggregation
Order aggregation is a process used in supply chain management and e-commerce where multiple individual orders are combined into a single, larger order. Learn more about Order aggregation in our glossary.
Order execution
Order execution refers to the process of completing a buy or sell order for a financial asset, such as stocks, bonds, or commodities, on a trading platform or through a brokerage. Learn more about Order exec...
Order execution quality
Order execution quality refers to the effectiveness and efficiency with which a financial transaction is completed in the market. Learn more about Order execution quality in our glossary.
Order flow
Order flow refers to the analysis of the buying and selling activity in financial markets, often used by traders to understand the supply and demand dynamics. Learn more about Order flow in our glossary.
Order lifecycle management
Order lifecycle management refers to the comprehensive process of overseeing and optimizing the entire journey of a customer's order, from initial placement to final delivery and post-purchase support.
Order management system
An Order Management System (OMS) is a digital platform designed to streamline and automate the entire order lifecycle, from order creation to fulfillment and post-sales service. Learn more about Order manage...
Order matching
Order matching is a process used in financial markets to pair buy and sell orders for securities, commodities, or other financial instruments. Learn more about Order matching in our glossary.
Order matching algorithms
Order matching algorithms are computational processes used in financial markets to pair buy and sell orders for securities, commodities, or other financial instruments. Learn more about Order matching algori...
Order prioritization logic
Order prioritization logic refers to the systematic approach used to determine the sequence in which orders should be processed or fulfilled. Learn more about Order prioritization logic in our glossary.
Order routing
Order routing is the process of directing orders to buy or sell financial securities to the appropriate venues for execution. Learn more about Order routing in our glossary. Explore
Ordinals
Ordinals are a means of creating Bitcoin NFTs by inscribing information onto individual satoshis. Learn more about Ordinals in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand
Orphan Block
In blockchain technology, an orphan block is a block that was successfully mined and broadcast to the network but ultimately rejected because another block with the same block height had been added to the
Over-collateralization
Over-collateralization is a financial practice where the value of the collateral provided for a loan or financial obligation exceeds the amount of the loan or obligation itself. Learn more about Over-collate...
Over-the-Counter
Over-the-counter (OTC) trading refers to trading that is carried out through dealer networks rather than formal exchanges. Learn more about Over-the-Counter in our glossary. Explore
Overbought
Overbought is a term to describe a cryptocurrency that has had its price increase more than its fundamentals would allow, either briefly or for an extended period of time. Learn more about Overbought in our...
Overnight fee
An "overnight fee" is a charge applied by financial institutions or brokerage firms for holding a position open overnight. Learn more about Overnight fee in our glossary. Explore th
Oversold
Oversold describes the state of a cryptocurrency that has been sold so much that its price has decreased either briefly or for an extended period of time. Learn more about Oversold in our glossary.

PCI Compliance
PCI Compliance refers to the adherence to the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS), a set of security standards designed to ensure that all companies that accept, process, store, or transmit
PFP
A PFP NFT is an exclusive digital image-based NFT that acts as an individual’s profile picture or avatar on social media platforms, websites, and online gaming platforms. Learn more about PFP in our glossary.
PSP Integration
PSP Integration refers to the process of incorporating a Payment Service Provider (PSP) into a business's online platform or system. Learn more about PSP Integration in our glossary.
Paper Hands
Paper hands is a term describing individuals who lack the conviction to hold on to their cryptocurrencies. Learn more about Paper Hands in our glossary. Explore this glossary term t
Paper Trading
Paper trading is the practice of simulating trades in cryptocurrencies or other financial instruments, like stocks, without investing real money. Learn more about Paper Trading in our glossary.
Paper Wallet
A paper wallet is a physical document containing cryptocurrency private and public keys, often displayed as QR codes. Learn more about Paper Wallet in our glossary. Explore this glo
Parachain
Parachains are blockchains used on the Polkadot and Kusama networks, where they are natively integrated. Learn more about Parachain in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to un
Passkey
A passkey is a password or private key used to access a cryptocurrency wallet, sign transactions, or interact with blockchain-based applications. Learn more about Passkey in our glossary.
Paul Le Roux
Paul Le Roux is a former programmer and criminal mastermind known for creating an online prescription drug network and engaging in various illegal activities, including arms trafficking and money laundering.
Payee
A payee is an individual or entity that receives a payment. Learn more about Payee in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
Payment Gateway
A payment gateway is a technology used by merchants to accept debit or credit card purchases from customers. Learn more about Payment Gateway in our glossary. Explore this glossary
Payment Orchestration
Payment orchestration refers to the process of managing and optimizing the entire payment lifecycle through a single, unified platform. Learn more about Payment Orchestration in our glossary.
Payment Processor
A payment processor is a company or service that handles transactions between merchants and customers, facilitating the transfer of funds during the purchase of goods or services. Learn more about Payment Pr...
Payment Reference
A Payment Reference is a unique identifier or code used to specify and track a particular transaction. Learn more about Payment Reference in our glossary. Explore this glossary term
Payment Routing
Payment routing refers to the process of directing a financial transaction through a network of banks, payment processors, and other financial institutions to ensure that funds are transferred from the payer
Payment Service Provider (PSP)
A Payment Service Provider (PSP) is a third-party company that facilitates online transactions between merchants and customers. Learn more about Payment Service Provider (PSP) in our glossary.
Payment Services Directive 2 (Psd2)
Open Banking PSD2 (Payment Services Directive 2) is a European regulation that aims to enhance innovation and competition in the financial services sector. Learn more about Payment Services Directive 2 (Psd2...
Payment rails
Payment rails refer to the infrastructure and technology that enable the transfer of money between parties, such as individuals, businesses, and financial institutions. Learn more about Payment rails in our...
Pectra
The Ethereum Prague/Electra upgrade — ‘Pectra’ for short — will merge two previously planned upgrades, Prague and Electra, and introduce a range of Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs) aimed at improving the
Pectra Upgrade
The Pectra upgrade is an upcoming Ethereum network upgrade aimed at improving overall scalability, security, and user experience, including account abstraction and validator operations.
Pedersen Verifiable Secret Sharing
Pedersen Verifiable Secret Sharing (PVSS) is a variation of the Shamir Secret Sharing scheme, which involves securely dividing private information into smaller parts. Learn more about Pedersen Verifiable Sec...
Peer-to-Peer
Peer-to-peer, also known as P2P, is a network of distributed computers that are linked and share data, assets, or tasks. Learn more about Peer-to-Peer in our glossary. Explore this
Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
In a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, each user is a member of and contributes to the network, sharing data and/or tasks. Learn more about Peer-to-Peer (P2P) in our glossary. Explore thi
Peer-to-peer lending
Peer-to-peer lending (P2P lending) is a financial technology platform that connects individual borrowers with individual lenders, bypassing traditional financial institutions like banks.
Peer-to-peer networking
Peer-to-peer (P2P) networking is a decentralized communications model in which each participant, or "peer," has equal capabilities and responsibilities. Learn more about Peer-to-peer networking in our glossary.
Peg stability
Peg stability refers to the ability of a pegged exchange rate system to maintain a fixed or stable exchange rate between a country's currency and a foreign currency or a basket of currencies.
Pegged
The term “pegged” describes an asset whose value is attached to the value of another. Learn more about Pegged in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects a
Pegged currency
A pegged currency is a type of currency whose value is directly tied or fixed to another currency, a basket of currencies, or a measure of value, such as gold. Learn more about Pegged currency in our glossary.
Pending Balance
Pending Balance refers to the amount of money in an account that is awaiting clearance or finalization. Learn more about Pending Balance in our glossary. Explore this glossary term
Permissioned Blockchain
A permissioned blockchain is a distributed ledger with limited accessibility. Learn more about Permissioned Blockchain in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key
Permissionless
Permissionless refers to a system — typically related to blockchains — in which no person or thing can dictate who is allowed to use it and how it is used. Learn more about Permissionless in our glossary.
Perpetual contracts
Perpetual contracts are a type of derivative in the financial markets that do not have an expiration date. Learn more about Perpetual contracts in our glossary. Explore this glossar
Perpetual futures
Perpetual futures are a type of financial derivative that allows traders to speculate on the price movement of an underlying asset without an expiration date. Learn more about Perpetual futures in our glossary.
Persistent Connections
Persistent connections, often referred to as keep-alive connections, are a feature of network protocols like HTTP that allow a single connection to remain open for multiple requests and responses between a
Phone phishing
Phone phishing, also known as vishing (voice phishing), is a type of scam where fraudsters use phone calls to deceive individuals into revealing sensitive information such as personal identification numbers
Physical Bitcoins
Physical Bitcoins are tangible representations of digital cryptocurrency, typically made of metal, with a unique private key hidden under a tamper-evident seal. Learn more about Physical Bitcoins in our glos...
Pig Butchering Scam
A pig butchering scam involves scammers building trust with their victims over a long period before stealing their funds. Learn more about Pig Butchering Scam in our glossary. Explo
Pipelining Requests
Pipelining requests is a technique used in computing and networking to improve the efficiency and speed of data processing. Learn more about Pipelining Requests in our glossary. Exp
Pizza Day
Pizza Day is a commemoration of the first known Bitcoin transaction for physical goods - 10,000 Bitcoin for two pizzas. Learn more about Pizza Day in our glossary. Explore this glos
Plaintext
Plaintext is a form of text that humans can understand without the need for decryption. Learn more about Plaintext in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspe
Plasma
Plasma is an off-chain scaling solution designed to improve the Ethereum network’s scalability and efficiency using smaller blockchains called child chains. Learn more about Plasma in our glossary.
Play To Earn
A Play to Earn (P2E) game is an online game that rewards the players for their active participation or in-game achievements such as completing tasks, clearing game levels, or winning player-versus-player (PvP)
Play-to-Earn (P2E)
Play-to-earn (P2E) is an incentive model for blockchain video games. Learn more about Play-to-Earn (P2E) in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and ap
Play2earn
Play2Earn is a gaming model that allows players to earn real-world value through in-game activities. Learn more about Play2earn in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to unders
Pleb
A pleb is a regular individual who contributes to the Bitcoin network by stacking satoshis, operating a Bitcoin node, or HODLing Bitcoin. Learn more about Pleb in our glossary. Expl
Points
Points are digital assets that crypto projects use to incentivize users to participate in certain activities. Learn more about Points in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
Politically Exposed Person (PEP)
Politically Exposed Person (PEP) refers to individuals who are or have been entrusted with prominent public functions, such as government officials, senior executives of state-owned corporations, or
Ponzi Scheme
A Ponzi Scheme is a fraudulent investment strategy where investors are promised high returns with minimal to no risk. Learn more about Ponzi Scheme in our glossary. Explore this glo
Portfolio
A crypto portfolio is the collection of digital assets that an individual or institution holds. Learn more about Portfolio in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand
Portfolio management
Portfolio management is the strategic process of selecting, overseeing, and optimizing a collection of investments to achieve specific financial goals. Learn more about Portfolio management in our glossary.
Position Size
Position size refers to the amount of a particular asset or security that an investor or trader decides to buy or sell in a single transaction. Learn more about Position Size in our glossary.
Post trade process
The post-trade process refers to the series of activities and operations that occur after a trade has been executed in financial markets. Learn more about Post trade process in our glossary.
Post-trade Workflow
Post‑trade workflow includes all operational steps after execution, such as confirmation and reporting. Learn more about Post-trade Workflow in our glossary. Explore this glossary t
Power your growth with seamless crypto liquidity
A single gateway to liquidity with competitive prices, fast settlements, and lightning-fast issue resolution. Learn more about Power your growth with seamless crypto liquidity in our glossary.
Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT)
Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) is an algorithm that prevents Byzantine faults in asynchronous environments and optimises for low latency. Learn more about Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBF...
Pre sale
Pre-sale refers to the period before a product or service is officially available for purchase by the general public. Learn more about Pre sale in our glossary. Explore this glossar
Prediction Market
A Prediction Market is a speculative exchange where participants trade contracts based on the outcomes of future events. Learn more about Prediction Market in our glossary. Explore
Prepaid Card
A prepaid card is a payment card that is pre-loaded with a specific amount of money, allowing users to make purchases or withdraw cash up to the card's balance. Learn more about Prepaid Card in our glossary.
Price Discovery
Price discovery is the process by which the market determines the price of a specific cryptocurrency, which is driven by various factors like supply and demand, market sentiment, news, and macroeconomic
Price discovery mechanisms
Price discovery mechanisms refer to the processes and methods through which the market determines the price of an asset, security, or commodity. Learn more about Price discovery mechanisms in our glossary.
Price impact
Price impact refers to the effect that a trade or series of trades has on the market price of a security or asset. Learn more about Price impact in our glossary. Explore this glossa
Prime Broker
A prime broker provides institutional clients with services such as trading, custody, financing, and risk management. Learn more about Prime Broker in our glossary. Explore this glo
Principal Execution
Principal execution occurs when a broker acts as the counterparty to a client's trade, taking on risk. Learn more about Principal Execution in our glossary. Explore this glossary te
Prisoner’s Dilemma
The Prisoner's Dilemma is a game theory scenario where rational self-interest leads individuals to suboptimal collective outcomes. Learn more about Prisoner’s Dilemma in our glossary.
Privacy Coin
“Privacy coin” is a type of cryptocurrencies built on the principles of preserving privacy and enhancing data security. Learn more about Privacy Coin in our glossary. Explore this g
Private Blockchain
A private blockchain is a type of blockchain owned or controlled by a single entity. Learn more about Private Blockchain in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand ke
Private Chain
A private chain (blockchain) is an invitation-only network governed by a central entity. Learn more about Private Chain in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key
Private Key
A private key is a secret key comprising letters and numbers that enables a crypto wallet user to access their funds and authenticate transactions. Learn more about Private Key in our glossary.
Private transactions
Private transactions refer to financial exchanges or deals conducted in a manner that ensures confidentiality and discretion. Learn more about Private transactions in our glossary.
Procedural Programming
Procedural Programming is a programming paradigm based on the concept of procedure calls, where statements are structured into procedures or functions. Learn more about Procedural Programming in our glossary.
Processing Currency
Processing currency refers to the series of actions and systems involved in handling, verifying, and managing money transactions. Learn more about Processing Currency in our glossary.
Processing Time
Processing time refers to the duration required to complete a specific task or operation within a system or process. Learn more about Processing Time in our glossary. Explore this g
Profit and loss statement
A Profit and Loss Statement, also known as an income statement, is a financial document that summarizes the revenues, costs, and expenses incurred during a specific period, typically a fiscal quarter or year.
Programmability
Programmability refers to the ability of a device, system, or software to be programmed or configured to perform specific tasks or functions according to user-defined instructions or code.
Programmable NFTs (pNFTs)
pNFT is a new programmable asset class in the Solana ecosystem that allows creators and artists to define how their NFTs are used. Learn more about Programmable NFTs (pNFTs) in our glossary.
Proof of Activity (PoA)
A hybrid of the Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanisms, Proof of Activity (PoA) ensures all transactions on a network are legitimate and all miners reach a consensus.
Proof of Address (PoA)
Proof of Address (PoA) is a document or set of documents used to verify an individual's residential address. Learn more about Proof of Address (PoA) in our glossary. Explore this gl
Proof of Attendance Protocol (POAP)
Proof of attendance protocol is a collectible that acts as a digital badge to prove that an individual attended an event. Learn more about Proof of Attendance Protocol (POAP) in our glossary.
Proof of Authority (PoA)
A variant of the Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, Proof of Authority (PoA) selects its validators based on reputation. Learn more about Proof of Authority (PoA) in our glossary.
Proof of Burn (PoB)
A consensus mechanism with minimal energy consumption, Proof of Burn (PoB) requires miners to ‘burn’ a portion of their tokens in order to earn the right to add a new block to the network.
Proof of Capacity
Proof of Capacity (PoC) is a type of consensus mechanism that bases its mining algorithm on the amount of space available on a miner’s hard drive. Learn more about Proof of Capacity in our glossary.
Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET)
Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET) is a consensus algorithm used in permissioned blockchains to decide on mining rights. Learn more about Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET) in our glossary. Exp
Proof of History (PoH)
A type of consensus mechanism, Proof of History (PoH) nodes use their own internal clocks to encode a passage of time onto the blockchain ledger. Learn more about Proof of History (PoH) in our glossary.
Proof of Importance (PoI)
Proof of Importance (PoI) is a consensus mechanism that uses ‘importance scores’ to determine which nodes are eligible to mine new blocks. Learn more about Proof of Importance (PoI) in our glossary.
Proof of Knowledge (PoK)
Proof of knowledge refers to a protocol where one party (the prover) succeeds in convincing the other party (the verifier) that they know something. Learn more about Proof of Knowledge (PoK) in our glossary.
Proof of Personhood
Proof of Personhood (PoP) is a consensus mechanism that digitally verifies an individual's humanness and uniqueness to protect a blockchain network from identity fraud. Learn more about Proof of Personhood i...
Proof of Replication (PoRep)
Proof of Replication (PoRep) is a proof system used to demonstrate the dedication of unique resources to storing replicas of a data file. Learn more about Proof of Replication (PoRep) in our glossary.
Proof of Reputable Observations (PRO)
Proof of Reputable Observations (PRO) is a consensus mechanism that uses a combination of reputation scores and cryptographic mechanisms. Learn more about Proof of Reputable Observations (PRO) in our glossary.
Proof of Reserves
Proof of reserves verifies that a custodian holds sufficient assets to match client balances. Learn more about Proof of Reserves in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to under
Proof of Reserves (PoR)
Proof of Reserves (PoR) is a verification method to demonstrate that an exchange is maintaining its users’ digital assets. Learn more about Proof of Reserves (PoR) in our glossary.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Proof of Stake (PoS) is a type of consensus mechanism used to validate cryptocurrency transactions. Learn more about Proof of Stake (PoS) in our glossary. Explore this glossary term
Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA)
Proof of Staked Authority is the amalgamation of proof of stake and proof of authority consensus mechanisms. Learn more about Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA) in our glossary. Explo
Proof of Work (PoW)
Proof of Work (PoW) is a decentralised consensus mechanism that requires miners to solve complex mathematical problems in order to win the right to verify transactions and add new blocks to the blockchain.
Proof-of-Spacetime
Proof-of-spacetime is a blockchain consensus mechanism that allows network participants to prove that they have provided the network with some storage space for a certain amount of time.
Protocol buffers
Protocol Buffers, often abbreviated as Protobuf, is a language-agnostic, platform-neutral mechanism developed by Google for serializing structured data. Learn more about Protocol buffers in our glossary.
Public Address
A public address is what allows individuals to request or receive cryptocurrency payments into their digital wallets. Learn more about Public Address in our glossary. Explore this g
Public Blockchain
A public blockchain is a decentralized network that is not controlled by a single entity. Learn more about Public Blockchain in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understan
Public Chain
A public chain (blockchain) is a completely decentralised and open network in which anyone can join and participate. Learn more about Public Chain in our glossary. Explore this glos
Public Key
A public key is a series of letters and numbers used to encrypt plaintext into ciphertext; one of the most well-known uses is as a crypto wallet address. Learn more about Public Key in our glossary.
Public Sale
A public sale is an event where goods or assets are sold openly to the general public, often through an auction or direct purchase, allowing anyone to participate. Learn more about Public Sale in our glossary.
Public key cryptography
Public key cryptography is a secure communication method that uses a pair of keys: a public key, which can be shared openly, and a private key, which is kept secret. Learn more about Public key cryptography...
Pump and Dump
A pump and dump is a form of investment scam that involves artificially inflating the price of an asset with misleading positive news and then abruptly selling it. Learn more about Pump and Dump in our gloss...
Put option
A put option is a financial contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to sell a specified amount of an underlying asset, such as a stock, at a predetermined price (known as the strike
Pyramid Scheme
A pyramid scheme is a fraudulent investment scam that encourages individuals to recruit new investors with promises of unrealistic returns. Learn more about Pyramid Scheme in our glossary.

QR Code
A QR code is a two-dimensional barcode that contains information related to a specific cryptocurrency transaction. Learn more about QR Code in our glossary. Explore this glossary te
Quantum Computing
Quantum computing refers to the possible impact of quantum computers, which have the ability to perform certain types of calculations much faster than classical computers and can pose a threat to
Quantum Resistance
Quantum resistance refers to the development of cryptographic algorithms secure against attacks from both classical and quantum computers. Learn more about Quantum Resistance in our glossary.
Queued Transaction
A queued transaction is a transaction that waits to be validated before it can be available for processing and inclusion in a block. Learn more about Queued Transaction in our glossary.
Quote Stream
A quote stream is a continuous flow of bid and ask prices from a liquidity provider. Learn more about Quote Stream in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspe

REST API
A REST API (Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules and conventions for building and interacting with web services. Learn more about REST API in our glossary.
RFQ
An RFQ is a trading method where participants request a quote from liquidity providers for specific order sizes. Learn more about RFQ in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
RFS
RFS is a protocol where liquidity providers stream indicative prices before confirming execution. Learn more about RFS in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key
RPC
RPC, short for Remote Procedure Call, is a mechanism that enables different components of a cryptocurrency network to communicate and interact effectively, facilitating transactions, data retrieval, and
RSA
RSA (short for Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) is one of the widely used public-key encryption algorithms for secure data transmission and is used to securely transmit messages over the internet.
Race Attack
A race attack is a malicious practice that involves someone accepting payment for an unconfirmed transaction, leading to double-spending. Learn more about Race Attack in our glossary.
Random Standards
Random standards refer to the ideal or level of quality through which a randomly generated value is considered acceptable or truly random. Learn more about Random Standards in our glossary.
Rank
Rank shows the position of a non-fungible token (NFT) collection by 7-day volume. Learn more about Rank in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and app
Rare Sats
Rare sats is the smallest denomination of Bitcoin considered unique and more scarce than its peers. Learn more about Rare Sats in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to underst
Rate Limiting
Rate limiting is a technique used in computer networks and software applications to control the amount of incoming or outgoing traffic to or from a network or application. Learn more about Rate Limiting in o...
Rate Limiting for APIs
Rate limiting for APIs is a technique used to control the amount of incoming and outgoing traffic to or from a network or application. Learn more about Rate Limiting for APIs in our glossary.
Real World Assets (RWA)
Real-world assets (RWA) represent tangible and intangible assets as digital tokens on a blockchain network. Learn more about Real World Assets (RWA) in our glossary. Explore this gl
Real time payments
Real-time payments refer to financial transactions that are initiated and completed almost instantaneously, allowing funds to be transferred between accounts within seconds. Learn more about Real time paymen...
Real-Time Price Feeds
Real-time price feeds refer to the continuous and instantaneous delivery of updated pricing information for various financial instruments, commodities, or assets. Learn more about Real-Time Price Feeds in ou...
Real-time Data Processing
Real-time data processing refers to the immediate or near-instantaneous handling and analysis of data as it is generated or received. Learn more about Real-time Data Processing in our glossary.
Real-time settlement
Real-time settlement refers to the immediate or near-instantaneous completion of financial transactions, where the transfer of funds or securities between parties occurs without delay.
Rebalancing
Rebalancing refers to the process of realigning the weightings of a portfolio of assets. Learn more about Rebalancing in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key a
Recency Bias
Recency bias is a cognitive bias that states a trader puts more importance on recent occurrences than past ones when making trading decisions. Learn more about Recency Bias in our glossary.
Recession
A recession is a period of substantial economic downturn that lasts for months or years. Learn more about Recession in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key asp
Reconciliation
Reconciliation is the process of restoring friendly relations and resolving differences between parties who have experienced conflict or disagreement. Learn more about Reconciliation in our glossary.
Recovery Sheet
A recovery sheet is a physical paper backup where users write down their 24-word Secret Recovery Phrase for offline storage and wallet restoration. Learn more about Recovery Sheet in our glossary.
Recurring Payments
Recurring payments are automatic financial transactions scheduled to occur at regular intervals, such as weekly, monthly, or annually. Learn more about Recurring Payments in our glossary.
Recursive Inscriptions
Recursive inscriptions are the process of extracting or retrieving data from its existing host and using it in new inscriptions. Learn more about Recursive Inscriptions in our glossary.
Regenerative economy
A regenerative economy is an economic system designed to restore and sustain natural and social systems, rather than deplete or exploit them. Learn more about Regenerative economy in our glossary.
Regens
Regens are individuals or organizations focused on regenerative practices that restore, renew, or revitalize their environments, often emphasizing sustainability and ecological health.
Regtech
Regtech, short for regulatory technology refers to the use of technology to help businesses comply with regulatory requirements more efficiently and effectively. Learn more about Regtech in our glossary.
Regulatory Compliance
Regulatory compliance refers to the adherence of an organization to laws, regulations, guidelines, and specifications relevant to its business processes. Learn more about Regulatory Compliance in our glossary.
Regulatory Requirements
Regulatory requirements refer to the specific legal obligations, rules, and standards that organizations must adhere to within their industry or sector. Learn more about Regulatory Requirements in our glossary.
Rehypothecation
Rehypothecation is a financial practice where banks or brokers use assets that have been posted as collateral by their clients for their own purposes, such as securing their own borrowing or other financial
Rekt
In the cryptocurrency world, the term ‘rekt’ is a slang word for ‘wrecked’, which means to receive a significant loss in a trade or investment. Learn more about Rekt in our glossary.
Relative Strength Index (RSI)
The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a popular momentum indicator used in technical analysis to measure the speed and change of recent price movements in a cryptocurrency. Learn more about Relative Strength...
Relay Chain
The relay chain acts as the central chain of data in the Polkadot network, a protocol that allows interoperability between different blockchain networks. Learn more about Relay Chain in our glossary.
Remittances
A remittance is any form of payment transferred to another party — from sending money to family members, making a payment, or settling an invoice. Learn more about Remittances in our glossary.
Render Network
The Render Network is a decentralized GPU-based network that connects users needing GPU computing services, such as GPU rendering, AI, and machine learning inferences, to GPU providers.
Replay Attack
A Replay Attack is a type of network security breach where an attacker intercepts and captures a valid data transmission, then fraudulently delays or resends it to trick the recipient into unauthorized actions.
Representational State Transfer (REST)
Rest refers to a period of relaxation or inactivity, allowing the body and mind to recover and rejuvenate. Learn more about Representational State Transfer (REST) in our glossary. E
Request for Quote (RFQ)
A Request for Quote (RFQ) is a business process in which a company solicits price quotes from suppliers or vendors for specific products or services. Learn more about Request for Quote (RFQ) in our glossary.
Reserve liquidity
Reserve liquidity refers to the availability of liquid assets that a financial institution, such as a bank, holds to meet its short-term obligations and unexpected withdrawals. Learn more about Reserve liqui...
Resistance Level
A resistance level is a crucial price point in cryptocurrency trading where upward momentum tends to stop and might even reverse due to increased selling pressure. Learn more about Resistance Level in our gl...
Restaking
Restaking is the process of re-delegating staked assets to a different validator or staking pool to optimize rewards or adjust risk exposure. Learn more about Restaking in our glossary.
Retail Investors
Retail investors are individual, non-professional investors who buy and sell cryptocurrencies using their personal funds. Learn more about Retail Investors in our glossary. Explore
Retargeting
Retargeting is a digital marketing strategy that involves displaying targeted advertisements to users who have previously interacted with a brand's website or online content. Learn more about Retargeting in...
Return On Investment (ROI)
ROI, or Return on Investment, is a financial metric used by investors to assess the profitability and performance of an investment by measuring the profit relative to its initial cost,.
Right-Translated Market Cycle
Right translation is the tendency of prices to peak in the latter part of the cycle during bull markets. Learn more about Right-Translated Market Cycle in our glossary. Explore this
Ring Signature
A ring signature is a technique that provides users with privacy by hiding the source and destination of a transaction. Learn more about Ring Signature in our glossary. Explore this
Risk Engine
A risk engine monitors exposure, limits, and pricing to ensure safe trading operations. Learn more about Risk Engine in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key as
Risk Premium
A risk premium is the additional return that investors anticipate for taking on a riskier investment over a less risky alternative. Learn more about Risk Premium in our glossary. Ex
Risk neutrality
Risk neutrality is a financial concept where an individual or entity is indifferent to risk when making investment decisions. Learn more about Risk neutrality in our glossary. Explo
Risk-adjusted Slippage
Risk-adjusted slippage refers to the difference between the expected and actual transaction costs of executing a trade, adjusted for the risk associated with the trade. Learn more about Risk-adjusted Slippag...
Risk-weighted Liquidity
Risk-weighted liquidity refers to a financial metric that assesses the liquidity of an asset or portfolio while taking into account the associated risks. Learn more about Risk-weighted Liquidity in our gloss...
Roadmap
A roadmap conveys the objectives, goals, and milestones of a project to potential backers. Learn more about Roadmap in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key asp
Roger Ver
Roger Ver is an early investor and advocate of Bitcoin and cryptocurrency, often referred to as "Bitcoin Jesus" for his evangelism of Bitcoin's potential. Learn more about Roger Ver in our glossary.
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is a security mechanism used to restrict system access to authorized users based on their roles within an organization. Learn more about Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) in o...
Roll-over fee
A roll-over fee is a charge imposed by financial institutions or brokers when an investor extends the settlement date of an open position in the financial markets. Learn more about Roll-over fee in our gloss...
Rolling Reserve
A rolling reserve is a risk management strategy used by financial institutions, particularly in the context of merchant accounts. Learn more about Rolling Reserve in our glossary. E
Rollups Meaning
Rollups are layer-2 scaling solutions that perform transaction execution separately from the main network. Learn more about Rollups Meaning in our glossary. Explore this glossary te
Routing Attack
A routing attack is a malicious entity’s attempt to exploit flaws in a network’s architecture to split it into multiple isolated components. Learn more about Routing Attack in our glossary.
Royalty
In cryptocurrency, a royalty refers to the payments that a creator makes upon each resale of their digital asset or art. Learn more about Royalty in our glossary. Explore this gloss
Ruby (programming language)
Ruby is a dynamic, open-source programming language known for its simplicity and productivity. Learn more about Ruby (programming language) in our glossary. Explore this glossary te
Rug Pull
A rug pull is a type of scam in which the creators or developers of a project take traders' money and then abandon the project entirely. Learn more about Rug Pull in our glossary. E
Rugged
To be rugged is to lose money through a crypto scam where token issuers abandon the project and disappear with investors' money, leaving victims holding worthless tokens. Learn more about Rugged in our gloss...
Ryuk Ransomware
Ryuk Ransomware is a type of malicious software designed to encrypt files on a victim's system, demanding a ransom payment in cryptocurrency for the decryption key. Learn more about Ryuk Ransomware in our gl...

S2S integration
S2S (Server-to-Server) integration refers to the direct communication and data exchange between servers without the need for human intervention or client-side interaction. Learn more about S2S integration in...
SHA-256
SHA-256 is a cryptographic hash function used to generate unique identifiers (hashes) for blocks in the blockchain, ensuring data integrity and consistency. Learn more about SHA-256 in our glossary.
SRC-20
SRC-20 is the token standard for creating fungible tokens on the Bitcoin blockchain by adding data to transactions. Learn more about SRC-20 in our glossary. Explore this glossary te
SSL and TLS Encryption
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) are cryptographic protocols designed to provide secure communication over a computer network. Learn more about SSL and TLS Encryption in our glos...
Sales (7D)
Sales (7D) is an indicator showing the number of NFT sales over a seven-day period. Learn more about Sales (7D) in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects
Salt
Salt is a security technique that resists exploits by adding random data to passwords or other sensitive information before hashing them. Learn more about Salt in our glossary. Expl
Sanctions Screening
Sanctions screening checks counterparties against restricted entity lists. Learn more about Sanctions Screening in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects
Sandwich Trading
Sandwich trading, also known as a sandwich attack, is the strategic manipulation of a pending transaction order on a decentralized exchange. Learn more about Sandwich Trading in our glossary.
Satoshi Nakamoto
Satoshi Nakamoto is the pseudonym for the to-date unknown individual or group accredited with the creation of Bitcoin. Learn more about Satoshi Nakamoto in our glossary. Explore thi
Satoshi Test
The Satoshi Test is a secure method for verifying crypto wallet ownership, used by Virtual Asset Service Providers to ensure compliance and enhance security. Learn more about Satoshi Test in our glossary.
Satoshis/Sats
Satoshis, known as ‘sats’, are the smallest unit available in bitcoin. Learn more about Satoshis/Sats in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and appli
Sats
Satoshis or “Sats” are the smallest possible units of Bitcoin. Learn more about Sats in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
Sats/vB
Sats/vB is the fee rate a user is willing to pay for a miner to validate their Bitcoin transaction. Learn more about Sats/vB in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understan
Scalability
Blockchain scalability refers to the ability of a blockchain network to handle an increasing amount of transactions and data without compromising performance, security, or decentralisation.
Scalability Trilemma
The blockchain scalability trilemma states that blockchains can only simultaneously achieve two out of either decentralisation, scalability, or security — but never all three. Learn more about Scalability Tr...
Scalping (Scalp Trading)
Scalping is a trading strategy that takes advantage of short-term price movements to make small, consistent returns. Learn more about Scalping (Scalp Trading) in our glossary. Explo
Scheduled Settlement
Scheduled Settlement refers to a predetermined arrangement in financial transactions where the transfer of assets, funds, or securities is set to occur on a specific future date. Learn more about Scheduled S...
Schnorr Signature
A Schnorr signature is a type of digital signature that combines multiple signatures into a single signature. Learn more about Schnorr Signature in our glossary. Explore this glossa
Seamless payments
Seamless payments refer to a frictionless and efficient transaction process where customers can make purchases quickly and effortlessly, often through digital platforms. Learn more about Seamless payments in...
Secondary Market
The secondary market is a financial market where investors buy and sell securities they already own, such as stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments. Learn more about Secondary Market in our glossary.
Secret key
A secret key is a piece of information used in cryptography to encrypt and decrypt data, ensuring secure communication between parties. Learn more about Secret key in our glossary.
Secure Element (SE)
A Secure Element (SE) is a microprocessor chip that facilitates the secure storage and processing of sensitive data. Learn more about Secure Element (SE) in our glossary. Explore th
Security Audit
A security audit is a thorough, systematic examination of a software, application, or system to find any flaws, fix any issues, and determine if the platform is secure. Learn more about Security Audit in our...
Security Protocols
Security protocols are structured sets of rules and procedures designed to protect data and communications over networks. Learn more about Security Protocols in our glossary. Explor
Security Token
Security tokens are digital forms of traditional securities and represent ownership of the underlying project, company, or asset. Learn more about Security Token in our glossary. Ex
Security Token Offering
A Security Token Offering (STO) is a fundraising method where digital tokens representing ownership in an asset or company are issued and sold to investors, typically regulated by securities laws.
Seed Phrase
A seed phrase is a series of 12 to 24 words used to access the digital assets in a cryptocurrency wallet. Learn more about Seed Phrase in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
Segregated Witness (Segwit)
Segregated Witness, or “SegWit” is an upgrade for the Bitcoin network designed to allow more transactions to fit within each block on the blockchain. Learn more about Segregated Witness (Segwit) in our gloss...
Self Custody
Self custody is when a user takes full control and responsibility of holding and managing their digital assets without relying on third-party intermediaries. Learn more about Self Custody in our glossary.
Self-balancing Liquidity Mechanisms
Self-balancing liquidity mechanisms are financial systems or protocols designed to automatically adjust the supply and demand of assets to maintain stable liquidity levels. Learn more about Self-balancing Li...
Sell Order
A sell order is an instruction given to an exchange to sell a specific amount of a digital asset under specific conditions. Learn more about Sell Order in our glossary. Explore this
Semantic Web
The Semantic Web is an extension of the current World Wide Web that aims to make internet data machine-readable and interoperable. Learn more about Semantic Web in our glossary. Exp
Sepa Instant
SEPA Instant is a pan-European instant payment system that enables individuals and businesses to transfer funds across the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) in real-time. Learn more about Sepa Instant in our...
Series B Funding
Series B funding is a stage of investment in a startup or early-stage company that follows the initial Series A funding round. Learn more about Series B Funding in our glossary. Exp
Service Mesh
An IT service mesh is a dedicated infrastructure layer that manages service-to-service communication within a microservices architecture. Learn more about Service Mesh in our glossary.
Session Management
Session management is a process in web development and network security that involves tracking and managing a user's interactions with a web application or service over a period of time.
Session persistence
Session persistence, also known as session stickiness, is a concept in computing where a user's session is consistently directed to the same server during their interaction with a web application.
Settlement Bank
A Settlement Bank is a financial institution that facilitates the transfer of funds between parties in a transaction, ensuring that payments are processed and settled efficiently. Learn more about Settlement...
Settlement Layer
The settlement layer handles the final transfer of assets and funds after trade execution. Learn more about Settlement Layer in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understan
Settlement Risk
Settlement risk is the chance that one party fails to deliver assets or funds during settlement. Learn more about Settlement Risk in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to unde
Settlement latency
Settlement latency refers to the time delay between the execution of a financial transaction and its final settlement, where the transfer of assets or funds is completed. Learn more about Settlement latency...
Settlement mechanism
A settlement mechanism is a process or system used to facilitate the finalization of financial transactions between parties. Learn more about Settlement mechanism in our glossary. E
Shadow Order Book
A shadow order book is a private or hidden record of buy and sell orders for a financial asset, typically maintained by a trading platform or exchange. Learn more about Shadow Order Book in our glossary.
Shamir Secret Sharing (SSS)
Shamir Secret Sharing (SSS) is a technique to break private information into smaller fragments to keep the information safe. Learn more about Shamir Secret Sharing (SSS) in our glossary.
Shanghai Upgrade
The Shanghai Upgrade is an upgrade on the Ethereum network that allows stakers and validators to unstake and withdraw their staked Ether. Learn more about Shanghai Upgrade in our glossary.
Shapella Fork
The Shapella fork is the combination of two major Ethereum network upgrades (Shanghai and Capella upgrades) that occurred simultaneously. Learn more about Shapella Fork in our glossary.
Shard
A shard is a small fragment of data split from a larger part of a database or blockchain network. Learn more about Shard in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand ke
Sharding
Sharding is a scaling method in which a large database is separated into smaller and more easily managed parts in order to increase the transaction load capacity and improve a network’s efficiency.
Shareholder
A shareholder, also known as a stockholder, is an individual, company, or institution that owns at least one share of a company's stock, making them a partial owner of the company.
Sharpe Ratio
The Sharpe Ratio is a formula that helps investors understand how an investment could perform compared to its risks. Learn more about Sharpe Ratio in our glossary. Explore this glos
Shill
Shill, or shilling, is the act of promoting a cryptocurrency project. Learn more about Shill in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications.
Shitcoin
Shitcoin is a colloquial term for cryptocurrencies that have no real-world potential value, practical purpose, and utility. Learn more about Shitcoin in our glossary. Explore this g
Short
Short selling or shorting is a trading strategy where an individual sells a borrowed asset and then repurchases it later at a lower price. Learn more about Short in our glossary. Ex
Short Selling
Short selling is a form of advanced trading of assets, where a ‘short’ position is opened on an asset when the trader anticipates a drop in its price; a short sell is only profitable if the asset’s price
Short squeeze
A short squeeze occurs in the stock market when a heavily shorted stock's price begins to rise, forcing short sellers to buy back shares to cover their positions and minimize losses.
Side Channel Attack
A Side Channel Attack is a type of security exploit that aims to gather information from the physical implementation of a computer system rather than targeting weaknesses in the implemented algorithms
Sidechain
A sidechain is a separate blockchain that runs in parallel, and acts as an extension, to the main blockchain. Learn more about Sidechain in our glossary. Explore this glossary term
Signer
A signer securely authorizes blockchain transactions using offline private keys, your hardware device for self-custodied digital identity. Learn more about Signer in our glossary. E
Sim Swap
A SIM swap is a type of scam where a hacker takes control of your phone number by tricking your mobile carrier into transferring it to their SIM card. Learn more about Sim Swap in our glossary.
Simplified Payment Verification (SPV)
Simplified payment verification is a lightweight client that verifies cryptocurrency transactions without downloading the entire blockchain. Learn more about Simplified Payment Verification (SPV) in our glos...
Simulation Environment
A simulation environment is a virtual setting designed to replicate real-world scenarios for the purpose of analysis, training, or experimentation. Learn more about Simulation Environment in our glossary.
Single Dealer Platform (SDP)
A Single Dealer Platform (SDP) is a proprietary electronic trading system developed and operated by a single financial institution, typically a bank or brokerage firm. Learn more about Single Dealer Platform...
Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA)
SEPA, or the Single Euro Payments Area, is a payment-integration initiative of the European Union aimed at simplifying bank transfers denominated in euros. Learn more about Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) i...
Skynet
Skynet is a fictional artificial intelligence system featured in the "Terminator" film franchise. Learn more about Skynet in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand k
Slashing
Slashing is an essential feature of Proof of Stake (PoS) networks, helping to maintain the security, functionality, and trustworthiness of the PoS network by ensuring that validators act honestly and reliably.
Slippage
Slippage occurs when a trader locks in a price for a trade but ultimately receives a different price from the original request due to price movement. Learn more about Slippage in our glossary.
Slippage Control Algorithms
Slippage control algorithms are computational methods designed to minimize the difference between the expected and actual execution prices of trades in financial markets. Learn more about Slippage Control Al...
Slippage Prediction Models
Slippage prediction models are analytical tools or algorithms designed to forecast the difference between the expected price of a trade and the actual price at which it is executed.
Slippage Tolerance Mechanisms
Slippage tolerance mechanisms are features in trading platforms, particularly in decentralized finance (DeFi), that allow users to set a maximum acceptable difference between the expected price of a trade and
Slippage control
Slippage control refers to the strategies and mechanisms used to minimize the difference between the expected price of a trade and the actual price at which it is executed. Learn more about Slippage control...
Slippage-free Token Swaps
Slippage-free token swaps refer to cryptocurrency transactions where tokens are exchanged without any price discrepancy between the expected and actual execution prices. Learn more about Slippage-free Token...
Slippage-free routing protocols
Slippage-free routing protocols are advanced network communication methods designed to ensure data packets are transmitted across a network without delays or losses. Learn more about Slippage-free routing pr...
Smart Collateral Management Tools
Smart collateral management tools are advanced technological solutions designed to optimize the management of collateral in financial transactions. Learn more about Smart Collateral Management Tools in our g...
Smart Contract
Smart contracts are self-executing, where the contents of the agreement between the buyer and seller are embedded into lines of code. Learn more about Smart Contract in our glossary.
Smart Contract Account
A Smart Contract Account is a program on the blockchain that is controlled by its own code, not by a user's private key. Learn more about Smart Contract Account in our glossary. Exp
Smart Contract Audit
A Smart Contract Audit is a thorough examination of a blockchain-based contract's code to identify vulnerabilities, ensure compliance with standards, and verify its functionality and security.
Smart Order Routing (SOR)
Smart Order Routing (SOR) is a sophisticated technology used in financial markets to optimize the execution of trade orders. Learn more about Smart Order Routing (SOR) in our glossary.
Smart money
Smart money refers to capital that is controlled by institutional investors, market experts, or other financial professionals who are considered to have a deep understanding of market dynamics and trends.
Smart order router
A Smart Order Router (SOR) is an advanced trading technology used in financial markets to optimize the execution of orders. Learn more about Smart order router in our glossary. Expl
Snapshot
Snapshot refers to a quick, informal photograph or a brief overview or summary capturing a particular moment or situation. Learn more about Snapshot in our glossary. Explore this gl
Social Engineering
Social engineering is a deceptive strategy to persuade people to perform certain operations or reveal confidential information. Learn more about Social Engineering in our glossary.
SocialFi
SocialFi is a blend of social media and decentralized finance principles, where content ownership, control, and monetization are in the hands of users and content creators. Learn more about SocialFi in our g...
Soft Cap
A soft cap is a flexible limit set during fundraising or token sales, indicating the minimum amount needed to proceed with a project, but allowing for additional funds to be raised beyond this threshold.
Soft Fork
A soft fork is a backward-compatible upgrade that introduces new rules to a blockchain's protocol, allowing both old and new versions of the software to coexist on the same network.
Soft Landing
A soft landing is a situation in financial markets where the economy gradually slows down rather than an abrupt crash. Learn more about Soft Landing in our glossary. Explore this gl
Soft Peg
A soft peg is an exchange rate policy where a currency's value is allowed to fluctuate within a narrow band around a fixed rate, providing some stability while permitting limited market-driven adjustments.
Software Stack
A software stack is a collection of software components that work together to support the execution of applications. Learn more about Software Stack in our glossary. Explore this gl
Software Wallet
A software wallet is a computer programme or mobile application that allows users to store cryptocurrency keys and make transactions. Learn more about Software Wallet in our glossary.
Software library
A software library is a collection of pre-written code, functions, and routines that developers can use to perform common tasks, streamline development processes, and avoid redundant coding.
Solana Program Library
The Solana Program Library (SPL) is a collection of ready-to-use, open-source components for building decentralised applications (dapps) on the Solana blockchain. Learn more about Solana Program Library in o...
Solana Saga
The Saga is an Android smartphone that combines traditional mobile features with the Solana blockchain’s capabilities. Learn more about Solana Saga in our glossary. Explore this glo
Solana Virtual Machine (SVM)
Solana Virtual Machine is the software framework that allows the Solana network to handle thousands of transactions per second and execute smart contracts. Learn more about Solana Virtual Machine (SVM) in ou...
Solflare
Solflare is a Solana software wallet that allows users to send, receive, and hold crypto assets on the Solana blockchain. Learn more about Solflare in our glossary. Explore this glo
Solidity
Solidity is the programming language used to develop smart contracts on blockchain networks. Learn more about Solidity in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key
Solscan
Solscan is Solana’s alternative blockchain explorer for searching specific information on the Solana blockchain. Learn more about Solscan in our glossary. Explore this glossary term
Sort Code
A sort code is a six-digit number used in the United Kingdom and Ireland to identify specific bank branches. Learn more about Sort Code in our glossary. Explore this glossary term t
Soulbound Tokens (SBTs)
Soulbound Tokens (SBTs) are a specific kind of NFT that cannot be transferred once assigned to a particular wallet. Learn more about Soulbound Tokens (SBTs) in our glossary. Explore
Sound Money
Sound money refers to a form of money with certain fundamental attributes that allow it to retain its stability, reliability, and purchasing power over time. Learn more about Sound Money in our glossary.
Sound Wallet
A sound wallet in cryptocurrency is a novel way of storing private keys using sound or audio. Learn more about Sound Wallet in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand
Source Code
A source code is a computer code or programming statements that define how a software functions based on specific instructions. Learn more about Source Code in our glossary. Explore
Speculative investment
Speculative investment refers to the act of investing in assets with a high degree of risk, where the primary objective is to achieve substantial returns. Learn more about Speculative investment in our gloss...
Spoofing
Spoofing in crypto is the manipulative practice of artificially influencing the price of a digital asset by creating fake buy or sell orders. Learn more about Spoofing in our glossary.
Spot Liquidity Optimization
Spot liquidity optimization refers to the strategic management and allocation of financial resources to ensure immediate availability of cash or assets in the spot market. Learn more about Spot Liquidity Opt...
Spot Market
The spot market, also known as the cash market, is a financial market where financial instruments or commodities are traded for immediate delivery and payment. Learn more about Spot Market in our glossary.
Spot Trading
Spot trading refers to the purchase or sale of a financial instrument, commodity, or asset for immediate delivery and payment on the spot date, which is typically two business days after the trade date.
Spread Capture
Spread capture occurs when a market maker earns the difference between bid and ask prices. Learn more about Spread Capture in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand
Spread optimization
Spread optimization refers to the process of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of financial spreads, which are the differences between the bid and ask prices of securities or other financial
Spread widening
Spread widening refers to the increase in the difference between the yields or interest rates of two financial instruments, typically bonds. Learn more about Spread widening in our glossary.
Stable Swap Protocols
Stable swap protocols are a type of decentralized exchange mechanism designed to facilitate the efficient trading of stablecoins and other assets with similar values. Learn more about Stable Swap Protocols i...
Stablecoin
Stablecoins are cryptocurrencies designed to have a relatively stable price, which is typically achieved through pegging to an external asset, such as a commodity or fiat currency.
Stablecoin Liquidity
Stablecoin liquidity measures the ease of trading stablecoins at scale without price disruption. Learn more about Stablecoin Liquidity in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
Stablecoin Liquidity Farming
Stablecoin liquidity farming is a decentralized finance (DeFi) strategy where investors provide stablecoins—cryptocurrencies pegged to a stable asset like the US dollar—to liquidity pools on decentralized
Stablecoin Rebalancing Protocols
Stablecoin rebalancing protocols are mechanisms designed to maintain the stability and value of stablecoins, which are cryptocurrencies pegged to a stable asset like the US dollar.
Stablecoin peg
A stablecoin peg refers to the mechanism by which a stablecoin maintains its value relative to a specific asset or basket of assets, typically a fiat currency like the US dollar. Learn more about Stablecoin...
Stablecoin reserve
A stablecoin reserve refers to the assets held by the issuer of a stablecoin to maintain its value stability. Learn more about Stablecoin reserve in our glossary. Explore this gloss
Stablecoin volatility
Stablecoin volatility refers to the fluctuations in the value of stablecoins, which are a type of cryptocurrency designed to maintain a stable value, typically pegged to a fiat currency like the US dollar.
Stack the Sats
Stack the sats is a mantra for encouraging Bitcoin enthusiasts to amass small amounts of Bitcoin. Learn more about Stack the Sats in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to unde
Stacking Sats
Stacking Sats refers to the practice of accumulating small amounts of Bitcoin (satoshis) over time to build a larger holding. Learn more about Stacking Sats in our glossary. Explore
Stagflation
Stagflation is an economic condition characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of stagnant economic growth, high unemployment, and high inflation. Learn more about Stagflation in our glossary.
Staking
Staking is the process of providing funds to a blockchain network in return for interest. Learn more about Staking in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspe
Staking Collateral Liquidity Strategies
Staking collateral liquidity strategies involve the use of assets as collateral in decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms to earn rewards or interest. Learn more about Staking Collateral Liquidity Strategies...
Staking Collateral Risks
Staking collateral risks refer to the potential financial and operational dangers associated with using assets as collateral in staking activities, typically within blockchain and cryptocurrency ecosystems.
Staking Pool
A staking pool is a mechanism that allows multiple participants to combine their resources to increase their chances of earning rewards through staking. Learn more about Staking Pool in our glossary.
Staking Pool Liquidity Risks
Staking pool liquidity risks refer to the potential challenges and uncertainties associated with the ability to quickly convert staked assets into cash or other assets without significant loss in value.
Staking Yield Dynamics
Staking yield dynamics refers to the factors and mechanisms that influence the returns or rewards earned by participants who lock up their cryptocurrency in a blockchain network to support its operations, such
Stale Quote
A stale quote is a price that is outdated and no longer reflects current market conditions. Learn more about Stale Quote in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand ke
State Channels
State channels are peer-to-peer protocols in which users can interact off the blockchain, where two parties exchange transactions with each other before ultimately posting to the blockchain.
State Synchronization
State synchronization refers to the process of ensuring that multiple systems, devices, or components maintain a consistent and up-to-date state across a network or distributed environment.
Stochastic Liquidity Modeling
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Stochastic Oscillator
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Stop-Limit Order
A stop-limit order is a conditional trading instruction that combines elements of a stop order and a limit order to give traders greater control over execution price. It is designed to manage risk while
Stop-Loss Order
A stop-loss order is a risk management tool used to automatically sell or buy an asset once its price reaches a predetermined level. Its primary purpose is to limit potential losses by exiting a position
Store of Value
A store of value is an asset that maintains its purchasing power over time and can be reliably saved, retrieved, and exchanged in the future. Traditionally, assets such as gold, real estate, and
Subnet
A subnet, short for subnetwork, is a logically isolated blockchain environment that operates within a broader network while maintaining its own execution rules, validators, and governance parameters. Subnets
Supercycle
A supercycle refers to a prolonged and structurally driven period of sustained asset price appreciation that extends beyond traditional market cycles. Unlike standard boom-and-bust cycles, which are typically
Supply Chain Attack
A supply chain attack is a cybersecurity threat in which malicious actors compromise software, hardware, or services by infiltrating trusted third-party providers rather than targeting end users directly. In
Supply Shock
A supply shock refers to a sudden and significant change in the availability of an asset, often resulting in rapid price movements and heightened market volatility. In cryptocurrency markets, supply shocks are
Support Level
A support level is a price point where an asset historically experiences increased buying interest, preventing further decline. Support levels emerge from market psychology, where traders perceive value or
Swap
A swap is a financial transaction in which two parties exchange assets, cash flows, or obligations according to predefined terms. In decentralized finance, swaps typically refer to token exchanges executed via
Swap Fee Optimization
Swap fee optimization refers to the process of minimizing transaction costs incurred when exchanging assets, particularly within decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystems. Each token swap typically involves
Sweeping The Floor
Sweeping the floor is a market behavior most commonly observed in NFT marketplaces, where a buyer rapidly purchases all available assets listed at the lowest price level, known as the floor price. This action
Swift
SWIFT, or the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, is a global financial messaging network used by banks and financial institutions to securely exchange transaction instructions. While
Swing trading
Swing trading is a short- to medium-term trading strategy used in financial markets, where traders aim to capitalize on price swings or fluctuations within a particular trend. Learn more about Swing trading...
Sybil Attack
A Sybil attack is a security threat on a peer-to-peer network where a malicious actor attempts to sabotage the network’s reputation by creating multiple fake identities. Learn more about Sybil Attack in our...
Symmetric key cryptography
Symmetric key cryptography, also known as secret key cryptography, is a type of encryption where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption of data. Learn more about Symmetric key cryptography i...
Symmetrical Triangle
A symmetrical triangle is a chart pattern that can indicate a period of price consolidation before both a breakout or breakdown, making it a neutral trading signal. Learn more about Symmetrical Triangle in o...
Synthetic Asset
A synthetic asset is a financial instrument that simulates the value and characteristics of another asset or group of assets. Learn more about Synthetic Asset in our glossary. Explo
Synthetic Asset Market Depth
Synthetic asset market depth refers to the measure of liquidity and the ability to buy or sell synthetic assets—financial instruments that simulate other assets like stocks, commodities, or currencies—without
Synthetic Collateral Token
A Synthetic Collateral Token is a type of digital asset used in decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms to represent and collateralize other assets. Learn more about Synthetic Collateral Token in our glossary.
Synthetic Liquidity Future
Synthetic Liquidity Future refers to a financial instrument or market mechanism designed to simulate or enhance liquidity in trading environments. Learn more about Synthetic Liquidity Future in our glossary.
Synthetic Liquidity Market
A synthetic liquidity market is a financial ecosystem where liquidity is created artificially through the use of financial instruments, such as derivatives, rather than through the actual buying and selling of
Synthetic Token Arbitrage
Synthetic token arbitrage involves exploiting price discrepancies between synthetic tokens—digital assets that mimic the value of other assets—and their underlying or equivalent assets across different
Synthetic Token Liquidity
Synthetic token liquidity refers to the ease with which synthetic tokens—digital assets that replicate the value of other assets like stocks, commodities, or fiat currencies—can be bought or sold in the market

TLS Encryption
TLS encryption secures data transmitted between trading systems and servers. Learn more about TLS Encryption in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects an
TOTAL2
TOTAL2 is a market capitalization index that represents the combined value of all cryptocurrencies, excluding Bitcoin. Learn more about TOTAL2 in our glossary. Explore this glossary
TOTAL3
TOTAL3 is a market capitalization index that represents the combined value of all cryptocurrencies, excluding Bitcoin and Ethereum. Learn more about TOTAL3 in our glossary. Explore
TWAP
TWAP, or Time-Weighted Average Price, is a trading strategy used in financial markets to execute large orders by breaking them down into smaller, evenly distributed trades over a specified time period.
Take Profit
Take Profit is a predetermined price level at which a trader closes a position to secure a profit. Learn more about Take Profit in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to unders
Taker Fee
A taker fee is the cost incurred by traders who execute orders that are immediately matched, removing liquidity from the order book. Learn more about Taker Fee in our glossary. Expl
Tangle
Tangle refers to a complex or twisted mass of something, such as hair, string, or wires, that has become knotted or intertwined. Learn more about Tangle in our glossary. Explore thi
Taproot
Taproot is an upgrade on the Bitcoin blockchain that was approved and implemented by developers in 2021. Learn more about Taproot in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to unde
Technical Analysis
Technical analysis is a method to evaluate and predict future price movements of cryptocurrencies based on historical price data and trading volume. Learn more about Technical Analysis in our glossary.
Technical indicators
Technical indicators are mathematical calculations based on historical price, volume, or open interest data that traders and analysts use to forecast future market trends and make informed trading decisions.
Tendermint
Tendermint is a blockchain protocol used to replicate and launch blockchain applications across machines in a secure and consistent manner. Learn more about Tendermint in our glossary.
Testnet
An alternative to the mainnet blockchain, the testnet allows developers to test their projects or updates before applying them to the mainnet. Learn more about Testnet in our glossary.
Tick Size
Tick size is the minimum price increment allowed for trading an asset. Learn more about Tick Size in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applicati
Tick-by-tick (TBT) data
Tick by tick data refers to the most granular level of financial market data, capturing every single trade or price change that occurs for a security. Learn more about Tick-by-tick (TBT) data in our glossary.
Ticker
A ticker in crypto is a symbol with a unique combination of letters to help identify a particular cryptocurrency. Learn more about Ticker in our glossary. Explore this glossary term
Tier-1 Liquidity
Tier‑1 liquidity refers to high-quality liquidity sourced from major, reputable market participants. Learn more about Tier-1 Liquidity in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
Time in Force (TIF)
Time in force refers to how long an order remains active in the market before it is either executed or canceled. Learn more about Time in Force (TIF) in our glossary. Explore this g
Time to Finality (TTF)
Time to Finality (TTF) describes the amount of time it takes a block on a blockchain to finalise after a transaction is included in it. Learn more about Time to Finality (TTF) in our glossary.
Time-weighted Liquidity Metrics
Time-weighted liquidity metrics are financial measures that assess the liquidity of an asset or market by considering the availability and ease of trading over a specific time period.
Timestamp
A timestamp refers to the exact moment when a particular block is mined and validated to the blockchain. Learn more about Timestamp in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to un
To The Moon
“To the moon” is slang in the crypto community that refers to a belief that a specific cryptocurrency’s value will soon increase significantly. Learn more about To The Moon in our glossary.
Token
A cryptocurrency token is a digital asset that can be assigned a price. Learn more about Token in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applications
Token Bridging Protocols
Token bridging protocols are mechanisms that enable the transfer of digital assets, such as cryptocurrencies or tokens, across different blockchain networks. Learn more about Token Bridging Protocols in our...
Token Burn Liquidity Rebalancing
Token burn liquidity rebalancing is a financial strategy used in the cryptocurrency market to manage and stabilize the value of a digital asset. Learn more about Token Burn Liquidity Rebalancing in our gloss...
Token Collateral Management
Token collateral management refers to the process of overseeing and administering digital assets used as collateral in financial transactions, particularly within blockchain and decentralized finance (DeFi)
Token Economy
A Token Economy is a behavioral modification system that uses tokens as a form of currency to reinforce desired behaviors. Learn more about Token Economy in our glossary. Explore th
Token Gating
Token gating is a technique Web3 communities use to grant specific token holders access to exclusive content, events, and other benefits. Learn more about Token Gating in our glossary.
Token Liquidity Pairing Strategies
Token liquidity pairing strategies refer to the methods and approaches used to enhance the liquidity of a cryptocurrency or token by pairing it with another asset, typically on a decentralized exchange (DEX).
Token Pair Liquidity
Token pair liquidity refers to the availability of a specific pair of cryptocurrencies for trading on a decentralized exchange (DEX) or other trading platforms. Learn more about Token Pair Liquidity in our g...
Token Peg Arbitrage
Token peg arbitrage is a trading strategy that involves exploiting price discrepancies between a pegged cryptocurrency token and its underlying asset or equivalent token on different exchanges or platforms.
Token Pegged Pricing Mechanisms
Token pegged pricing mechanisms refer to a system where the value of a digital token is linked or pegged to a specific asset or basket of assets, such as fiat currencies, commodities, or other cryptocurrencies.
Token Price Correlation
Token price correlation refers to the statistical relationship between the price movements of different cryptocurrency tokens. Learn more about Token Price Correlation in our glossary.
Token Price Volatility Indexing
Token price volatility indexing refers to the process of measuring and tracking the fluctuations in the prices of digital tokens, such as cryptocurrencies, over a specific period. Learn more about Token Pric...
Token Reserve Balances
Token reserve balances refer to the amount of cryptocurrency or digital tokens that are held in reserve by an organization, platform, or individual. Learn more about Token Reserve Balances in our glossary.
Token Swap
Token Swap is the process of exchanging one cryptocurrency token for another, often facilitated by a decentralized exchange or a smart contract. Learn more about Token Swap in our glossary.
Token Velocity Analysis
Token velocity analysis is a financial metric used to assess the rate at which a cryptocurrency or digital token is exchanged within a given period. Learn more about Token Velocity Analysis in our glossary.
Token Velocity Risk Management
Token velocity risk management refers to the strategies and practices employed to monitor and control the rate at which tokens are exchanged or circulated within a blockchain ecosystem.
Token Yield Optimization
Token yield optimization refers to the strategic process of maximizing the returns or benefits derived from tokens, often in the context of blockchain and cryptocurrency ecosystems.
Token burn
Token burn is a process in the cryptocurrency and blockchain space where a certain number of tokens are permanently removed from circulation. Learn more about Token burn in our glossary.
Tokenization
Tokenization is the process of representing a real-world asset digitally by converting the asset into a surrogate value. Learn more about Tokenization in our glossary. Explore this
Tokenization of Liquidity
Tokenization of liquidity refers to the process of converting assets, such as real estate, stocks, or commodities, into digital tokens on a blockchain. Learn more about Tokenization of Liquidity in our gloss...
Tokenized Asset
A tokenized asset is a unique digital representation of a real-world asset on a blockchain network. Learn more about Tokenized Asset in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to u
Tokenized Asset Staking Pools
Tokenized asset staking pools are platforms that allow investors to stake tokenized versions of real-world or digital assets in a pool to earn rewards or interest. Learn more about Tokenized Asset Staking Po...
Tokenized Bond Liquidity
Tokenized bond liquidity refers to the ease and efficiency with which tokenized bonds—digital representations of traditional bonds on a blockchain—can be bought or sold in the market.
Tokenized Derivative Markets
Tokenized derivative markets refer to financial markets where derivatives—financial contracts whose value is derived from underlying assets like stocks, commodities, or interest rates—are represented as
Tokenized Futures Liquidity
Tokenized futures liquidity refers to the ease with which tokenized futures contracts can be bought or sold in the market without significantly affecting their price. Learn more about Tokenized Futures Liqui...
Tokenized Liquidity Bonds
Tokenized liquidity bonds are financial instruments that leverage blockchain technology to represent bonds in a digital format. Learn more about Tokenized Liquidity Bonds in our glossary.
Tokenized Option Liquidity
Tokenized option liquidity refers to the ease and efficiency with which tokenized options—financial derivatives that have been converted into digital tokens on a blockchain—can be bought, sold, or exchanged in
Tokenized Securities
Tokenized securities are digital representations of traditional financial assets, such as stocks, bonds, or real estate, that are issued and traded on blockchain technology. Learn more about Tokenized Securi...
Tokenized Stocks
Tokenized stocks are digital representations of traditional stocks on a blockchain, allowing for fractional ownership and easier trading. Learn more about Tokenized Stocks in our glossary.
Tokenized Yield Liquidity Pools
Tokenized yield liquidity pools are financial platforms that allow users to deposit cryptocurrencies into a pool, which is then used to provide liquidity for various decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols.
Tokenomics
Tokenomics refers to the structure and governing aspects of a cryptocurrency. Learn more about Tokenomics in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and a
Total Supply
The total supply of a cryptocurrency measures how many of the currency’s coins/tokens are currently in existence. Learn more about Total Supply in our glossary. Explore this glossar
Total Value Locked (TVL)
Total value locked (TVL) is a metric that refers to the sum of assets that are staked or locked in a protocol. Learn more about Total Value Locked (TVL) in our glossary. Explore thi
Tower Byzantine Fault Tolerance (Tower BFT)
Tower Byzantine Fault Tolerance is a consensus algorithm with a hierarchical structure designed to ensure the security and reliability of distributed systems like blockchain networks.
TradFi
Traditional finance, or TradFi, is a conventional approach to financial activities that relies on established institutions, such as banks, insurance companies, investment companies, and stock exchanges.
Trade Break
A trade break occurs when trade details do not match between counterparties. Learn more about Trade Break in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and a
Trade Capture
Trade capture is the process of recording executed trades into internal systems. Learn more about Trade Capture in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects
Trade Execution Analytics
Trade execution analytics refers to the process of evaluating and optimizing the execution of financial trades. Learn more about Trade Execution Analytics in our glossary. Explore t
Trade Execution Engine
A trade execution engine is a sophisticated software system designed to facilitate the swift and efficient execution of financial trades in various markets, such as stocks, forex, or commodities.
Trade Execution Guarantees
Trade execution guarantees refer to assurances provided by brokers or trading platforms that a trade will be executed at a specified price or within a certain timeframe. Learn more about Trade Execution Guar...
Trade Finality
Trade finality refers to the point at which a trade or transaction is considered complete and irreversible. Learn more about Trade Finality in our glossary. Explore this glossary te
Trade Size Limits
Trade size limits refer to the maximum or minimum quantity of a financial instrument that can be traded in a single transaction on a particular exchange or trading platform. Learn more about Trade Size Limit...
Trade Slippage Analysis
Trade slippage analysis involves examining the difference between the expected price of a trade and the actual price at which it is executed. Learn more about Trade Slippage Analysis in our glossary.
Trading Bot
A trading bot is a piece of software designed to automate trade-related tasks in cryptocurrency markets. Learn more about Trading Bot in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
Trading Desk
A trading desk is a centralized unit where institutional traders execute and manage orders. Learn more about Trading Desk in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand k
Trading Engine Latency
Trading engine latency refers to the delay or time lag between the initiation of a trade order and its execution within a trading platform's engine. Learn more about Trading Engine Latency in our glossary.
Trading Fees
Trading fees are costs that users pay when they engage in transactions on a blockchain network or trade cryptocurrencies on an exchange. Learn more about Trading Fees in our glossary.
Trading Pair Availability
Trading pair availability refers to the range of cryptocurrency pairs that can be traded on a particular exchange platform. Learn more about Trading Pair Availability in our glossary.
Trading Pair Dynamics
Trading pair dynamics refer to the interactions and fluctuations between two financial instruments, typically currencies or cryptocurrencies, that are traded against each other in a market.
Trading Pairs Liquidity Correlation
Trading-pairs-liquidity-correlation refers to the relationship between the liquidity of trading pairs in financial markets and how they influence each other. Learn more about Trading Pairs Liquidity Correlat...
Trading Volume
Trading volume in crypto refers to the total amount of funds flowing in and out of a specific cryptocurrency or the crypto market over a given period. Learn more about Trading Volume in our glossary.
Trading Volume Liquidity Indicators
Trading volume liquidity indicators are tools used in financial markets to assess the ease with which assets can be bought or sold without causing significant price changes. Learn more about Trading Volume L...
Trading confidentiality
Trading confidentiality refers to the practice of maintaining privacy and discretion in the exchange of sensitive information related to financial transactions and trading activities.
Trading ecosystem
The trading ecosystem refers to the interconnected network of participants, technologies, and processes involved in the buying and selling of financial instruments. Learn more about Trading ecosystem in our...
Trading flexibility
Trading flexibility refers to the ability of traders or investors to adapt their strategies and decisions in response to changing market conditions. Learn more about Trading flexibility in our glossary.
Trading infrastructure
Trading infrastructure refers to the comprehensive set of technologies, systems, and processes that facilitate the execution of financial trades in markets. Learn more about Trading infrastructure in our glo...
Trading protocols
Trading protocols are standardized sets of rules and procedures that govern the exchange of financial instruments between parties in financial markets. Learn more about Trading protocols in our glossary.
Trading speed
Trading speed refers to the rate at which financial transactions are executed in the markets. Learn more about Trading speed in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understan
Trading transparency
Trading transparency refers to the clarity and openness with which financial transactions and market activities are conducted and reported. Learn more about Trading transparency in our glossary.
Traits
In NFTs, traits are the specific, aesthetic features that make a token unique and help determine its value within a collection. Learn more about Traits in our glossary. Explore this
Transaction Check
Transaction Check is a security feature for Ledger devices that simulates crypto transactions, identifying potential threats before you sign. Learn more about Transaction Check in our glossary.
Transaction Fee
A transaction fee is a payment that users make for using services on a blockchain or an exchange. Learn more about Transaction Fee in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to und
Transaction Hash
A transaction hash is a unique alphanumeric string generated to identify every transaction on the blockchain. Learn more about Transaction Hash in our glossary. Explore this glossar
Transaction ID (TXID)
A transaction ID (TXID) or transaction hash is a unique set of numbers given to every verified transaction on the blockchain. Learn more about Transaction ID (TXID) in our glossary.
Transaction Mempool
The transaction mempool, short for "memory pool," is a component of blockchain networks where unconfirmed transactions are temporarily stored before being added to a block. Learn more about Transaction Mempo...
Transaction Sequencing Attacks
Transaction sequencing attacks refer to a type of vulnerability in blockchain and cryptocurrency systems where an attacker manipulates the order of transactions to gain an advantage or disrupt the network.
Transaction Sequencing Optimization
Transaction sequencing optimization refers to the process of arranging and managing the order of transactions in a system to enhance efficiency, reduce processing time, and minimize conflicts or errors.
Transaction Speed Metrics
Transaction speed metrics refer to the measurements and analyses used to evaluate the efficiency and performance of transaction processing systems. Learn more about Transaction Speed Metrics in our glossary.
Transaction Throughput Optimization
Transaction throughput optimization refers to the process of enhancing the efficiency and speed at which transactions are processed within a system or network. Learn more about Transaction Throughput Optimiz...
Transaction Volume
Transaction volume represents the total number of transactions of a cryptocurrency traded within a specified time period. Learn more about Transaction Volume in our glossary. Explor
Transaction cost slippage
Transaction cost slippage refers to the difference between the expected price of a trade and the actual price at which the trade is executed. Learn more about Transaction cost slippage in our glossary.
Transaction monitoring
Transaction monitoring is the process of systematically reviewing and analyzing financial transactions to detect suspicious activities, such as fraud, money laundering, or other illicit behaviors.
Transactions Per Second (TPS)
Transactions per second (tps) measures the number of transactions a network can execute in one second. Learn more about Transactions Per Second (TPS) in our glossary. Explore this g
Travel rule
The "Travel Rule" is a regulatory requirement in the financial industry, particularly for cryptocurrency transactions, that mandates financial institutions to share certain information about the sender and
Treasury management
Treasury management involves the administration and oversight of an organization's financial assets and holdings. Learn more about Treasury management in our glossary. Explore this
Treasury risk
Treasury risk refers to the potential financial losses or adverse effects on a company's financial position due to fluctuations in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and liquidity conditions.
Trendline
A trendline in cryptocurrency trading is a straight line drawn on a price chart to help identify and visualise the direction of the market’s trend, usually to detect uptrends, downtrends, and sideway trends.
Triangular Arbitrage
Triangular arbitrage is the practice of exploiting price discrepancies between three cryptocurrency assets in a market. Learn more about Triangular Arbitrage in our glossary. Explor
Truffle
Truffle in the context of cryptocurrency refers to a development framework that is part of the Truffle Suite, designed to facilitate the creation, testing, and deployment of smart contracts on blockchain
Trust wallet
Trust Wallet is a secure, decentralized cryptocurrency wallet that allows users to store, manage, and exchange a wide range of digital assets. Learn more about Trust wallet in our glossary.
Trustless
Trustless is a term that describes a space where there is no centralised authority. Learn more about Trustless in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects
Trustless crypto
Trustless crypto refers to a system within the cryptocurrency and blockchain space that operates without the need for intermediaries or trusted third parties. Learn more about Trustless crypto in our glossary.
Tumbler
A tumbler (also known as a mixing service or cryptocurrency mixer) is a service that mixes potentially identifiable or "tainted" cryptocurrency funds with others to obscure the original source of the funds.
Turing Complete
The term Turing Complete refers to a system that can perform complex computations by design when given sufficient resources, such as time and memory. Learn more about Turing Complete in our glossary.
Turing completeness
Turing completeness is a concept in computer science that refers to a system's ability to perform any computation that can be described algorithmically, given enough time and resources.
Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)
By requiring two forms of identification, two-factor authentication (2FA) provides a robust defence against many types of cyber threats, making it an essential security feature in the cryptocurrency and
Two-way Quotes
Two-way quotes provide both bid and ask prices for a tradable asset. Learn more about Two-way Quotes in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and applic
Type checking
Type checking is a process in programming languages where the compiler or interpreter verifies that the types of variables and expressions are used correctly according to the language's rules.
Typosquatting
Typosquatting is a deceptive practice where scammers create nearly identical versions of legitimate websites or crypto addresses to trick users into visiting fake sites or sending funds to the wrong

URI Schemes
Cryptocurrency URI schemes are used to define a standard way of identifying and interacting with resources like cryptocurrency addresses, transactions, or payment requests. Learn more about URI Schemes in ou...
USDT
USDT, or Tether, is a stablecoin pegged to the value of the US dollar, designed to maintain a consistent price. Learn more about USDT in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
UTXO
UTXO is an abbreviation for ‘unspent transaction output’, which represents the remaining balance of digital currency following a cryptocurrency transaction. Learn more about UTXO in our glossary.
Ultimate Beneficial Ownership (UBO)
Ultimate Beneficial Ownership (UBO) refers to the individual(s) who ultimately own or control a company or asset, either directly or indirectly, typically by holding a significant percentage of ownership
Unauthorized Transaction
An unauthorized transaction refers to a financial activity conducted without the consent or knowledge of the account holder. Learn more about Unauthorized Transaction in our glossary.
Uncle Block
An uncle block is an alternative valid block that was discarded or excluded from the main chain because the network selected a longer chain. Learn more about Uncle Block in our glossary.
Unconfirmed
In the context of cryptocurrency, "unconfirmed" typically refers to transactions that have been broadcast to the network but have not yet been included in a block and confirmed by the blockchain.
Unconfirmed Transaction
An unconfirmed transaction is any transaction request submitted to the blockchain that is yet to be processed or validated. Learn more about Unconfirmed Transaction in our glossary.
Underwriting
Underwriting is the process used by financial institutions, such as banks and insurance companies, to assess the risk and determine the terms of a financial transaction, such as a loan, insurance policy, or
Uni token
The UNI token is the native cryptocurrency of the Uniswap platform, a decentralized exchange (DEX) built on the Ethereum blockchain. Learn more about Uni token in our glossary. Expl
Unit of Account
In the context of cryptocurrencies, a unit of account refers to the function of a digital currency to serve as a standard measure of value for goods, services, assets, or debt within an economy.
United States House Committee On Financial Services
The United States House Committee on Financial Services is a standing committee of the U.S. Learn more about United States House Committee On Financial Services in our glossary. Exp
Unregulated
"Unregulated" refers to a state or condition where there are no formal rules, laws, or controls governing a particular activity, industry, or behavior. Learn more about Unregulated in our glossary.
Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO)
Unspent transaction output (UTXO) represents the remaining balance of digital currency following a cryptocurrency transaction. Learn more about Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO) in our glossary.
Unstoppable domains
Unstoppable Domains is a blockchain-based platform that allows users to create and manage decentralized domain names. Learn more about Unstoppable domains in our glossary. Explore t
Use cases
Crypto use cases span multiple industries, offering innovative solutions through blockchain technology. Learn more about Use cases in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to und
User Authentication
User authentication is a security process that verifies the identity of a user attempting to access a system, application, or network. Learn more about User Authentication in our glossary.
User Interface (UI)
In blockchain technology, ‘user interface’ (UI) typically refers to the graphical or visual elements through which users interact with a cryptocurrency platform, wallet, or decentralised application (dapp).
Utility Token
Utility tokens are a type of cryptocurrency that has specific use cases within a blockchain network ecosystem. Learn more about Utility Token in our glossary. Explore this glossary

VWAP
VWAP, or Volume Weighted Average Price, is a trading benchmark used by traders and investors to give the average price a security has traded at throughout the day, based on both volume and price.
Validator
Responsible for achieving consensus, a validator is a participant in a Proof of Stake (PoS) blockchain network chosen to create new blocks and validate transactions based on the amount of cryptocurrency they
Value (ETH)
Value (ETH) is a metric on the Crypto.com Price page that represents the price of an asset in Ether (ETH). Learn more about Value (ETH) in our glossary. Explore this glossary term t
Vasps
VASPs, or Virtual Asset Service Providers, are entities that facilitate the exchange, transfer, or custody of virtual assets, such as cryptocurrencies. Learn more about Vasps in our glossary.
Vat Registration Number
A VAT Registration Number is a unique identifier assigned to businesses and entities that are registered for Value Added Tax (VAT) in countries where VAT is applicable. Learn more about Vat Registration Numb...
Vault
Vaults are secure storage solutions for digital assets, designed with multiple layers of security for storing cryptocurrencies to protect against theft and hacking. Learn more about Vault in our glossary.
Verifiable Delay Functions (VDFs)
A Verifiable Delay Function (VDF) is a mathematical puzzle that requires a certain amount of time and computational effort to solve; once solved, its correctness can be efficiently verified by anyone.
Verification code
A verification code is a unique sequence of characters, often numerical or alphanumeric, used to confirm the identity of a user during authentication processes. Learn more about Verification code in our glos...
Verkle Tree
A Verkle tree is a data structure that combines elements of both Merkle trees and vector commitments to improve the efficiency of proof sizes in blockchain applications, particularly for verifying large
Vest/Vesting Period
A vesting period is when a project restricts the sale of a token over a specific period. Learn more about Vest/Vesting Period in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understa
Vesting
Vesting is a process where a certain amount of a project’s overall token supply is set aside for a period of time and released after certain conditions are met. Learn more about Vesting in our glossary.
Vesting Period
A vesting period in crypto refers to a predetermined time frame during which certain tokens or assets are restricted and become accessible or transferable over time. Learn more about Vesting Period in our gl...
Vibe Coding
Vibe coding is a novel software development approach that involves using Artificial Intelligence to generate code. Learn more about Vibe Coding in our glossary. Explore this glossar
Virgin Bitcoin
Virgin Bitcoin is any Bitcoin that has never been part of a transaction since its minting. Learn more about Virgin Bitcoin in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand
Virtual Machine
In cryptocurrency, a virtual machine is a software environment that mimics a physical computer and is designed to execute smart contracts or decentralised applications (dapps) on the blockchain network.
Virtual Reality (VR)
Virtual reality is a simulated, interactive three-dimensional environment that allows users to experience virtual worlds. Learn more about Virtual Reality (VR) in our glossary. Expl
Virtual Terminal
A Virtual Terminal is a web-based application that allows businesses to process credit card payments without the need for a physical card reader. Learn more about Virtual Terminal in our glossary.
Vitalik Buterin
Vitalik Buterin is the creator of Ethereum, which sits behind Bitcoin as the second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalisation. Learn more about Vitalik Buterin in our glossary.
Vladimir Club
The Vladimir Club is a term used to describe individuals who own 0.01% of the maximum supply of a specific cryptocurrency. Learn more about Vladimir Club in our glossary. Explore th
Volatility
In cryptocurrency, volatility refers to the degree of variation in the price of a particular digital asset over time. Learn more about Volatility in our glossary. Explore this gloss
Volatility Hedging Protocols
Volatility hedging protocols are financial strategies or mechanisms designed to mitigate the risks associated with price fluctuations in volatile markets. Learn more about Volatility Hedging Protocols in our...
Volatility Impact Metrics
Volatility impact metrics are quantitative measures used to assess the effect of market volatility on financial instruments, portfolios, or investment strategies. Learn more about Volatility Impact Metrics i...
Volatility Index Arbitrage
Volatility Index Arbitrage is a trading strategy that seeks to exploit discrepancies between the implied volatility of options, as reflected in a volatility index like the VIX, and the actual or realized
Volatility management
Volatility management refers to the strategies and practices employed to mitigate the impact of market fluctuations on an investment portfolio. Learn more about Volatility management in our glossary.
Volatility protection
Volatility protection refers to strategies or financial instruments designed to shield investments from significant fluctuations in market prices. Learn more about Volatility protection in our glossary.
Volume
In cryptocurrency, ‘volume’ refers to the total amount of a particular cryptocurrency that has been traded within a specific time frame, indicating the level of trading activity for a particular asset.
Volume (7D)
Volume (7D) is the total amount of a cryptocurrency asset traded within a seven-day period. Learn more about Volume (7D) in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand ke

WAGMI
Meaning ‘We’re all gonna make it’, WAGMI is commonly used in the crypto space to instil confidence and encourage the community. Learn more about WAGMI in our glossary. Explore this
Wallet
A cryptocurrency wallet is a software programme or device that stores a user’s public and private keys. Learn more about Wallet in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to unders
Wallet Address
A wallet address is a randomly generated string of characters used to send or receive digital assets. Learn more about Wallet Address in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
Wallet verification
Wallet verification is the process of confirming the authenticity and ownership of a digital wallet. Learn more about Wallet verification in our glossary. Explore this glossary term
Wannacry ransomware
WannaCry ransomware is a malicious software attack that emerged in May 2017, targeting computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system. Learn more about Wannacry ransomware in our glossary.
Wasabi Wallet
Wasabi Wallet is a privacy-focused Bitcoin wallet designed to enhance user anonymity and security. Learn more about Wasabi Wallet in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to unde
Wash Trading
Wash trading is a form of trading where an asset is sold and bought back simultaneously or in close succession. Learn more about Wash Trading in our glossary. Explore this glossary
Watchdog Organization
A watchdog organization monitors and ensures accountability, transparency, and ethical conduct in various sectors, often exposing misconduct and advocating for reforms. Learn more about Watchdog Organization...
Watchlist
A watchlist is a curated list of items, individuals, or entities that are monitored for various reasons. Learn more about Watchlist in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to un
Weak Hands
“Weak hands” is a negative term used to describe a trader with a low-risk tolerance or low confidence in a volatile asset that they’ve invested in. Learn more about Weak Hands in our glossary.
Wearable NFTs
Wearable NFTs are digital items or accessories that your avatar wears in virtual worlds or metaverses. Learn more about Wearable NFTs in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
Web 1.0
Web 1.0 is the term for the earliest version of the Internet from the 1990s to the early 2000s. Learn more about Web 1.0 in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand ke
Web 3.0
Web 3.0, often referred to as the "decentralized web," represents the next evolution of the internet, focusing on decentralization, user empowerment, and enhanced privacy. Learn more about Web 3.0 in our glo...
Web Application Firewall (WAF)
A Web Application Firewall (WAF) is a security solution designed to protect web applications by monitoring and filtering HTTP/HTTPS traffic between a web application and the internet.
Web Assembly (WASM)
Web Assembly is a binary code format that allows complex applications to be run in web browsers and virtual machines at near-native speeds. Learn more about Web Assembly (WASM) in our glossary.
Web1
Web1 is the ‘read-only’ web, which is a one-way communication channel that contains only static images and text. Learn more about Web1 in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
Web2
Web2 is the second version of the World Wide Web (WWW) — the current version of the internet — characterised by the shift from the static web pages of Web1 to dynamic or user-generated content.
Web3
Sometimes referred to as the semantic web, Web3 is the ‘read-write-execute’ version of the internet, currently in development. Learn more about Web3 in our glossary. Explore this gl
Web3 Foundation
Web3 Foundation is an organization that supports and promotes the development of decentralized web technologies, focusing on blockchain and peer-to-peer protocols. Learn more about Web3 Foundation in our glo...
Websocket API
A WebSocket API is a protocol that enables interactive communication between a client and a server over a single, long-lived connection. Learn more about Websocket API in our glossary.
Websocket Push Notifications
WebSocket push notifications are a real-time communication method that utilizes the WebSocket protocol to deliver instant updates from a server to a client. Learn more about Websocket Push Notifications in o...
Wen Moon
Wen moon is common cryptocurrency slang referring to an anticipated or desired rise in a cryptocurrency’s value. Learn more about Wen Moon in our glossary. Explore this glossary ter
Whale
A whale is an individual or organisation that holds a significant amount of Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies. Learn more about Whale in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
Whale Activity Tracking
Whale activity tracking involves monitoring and analyzing the movements and behaviors of whales in their natural habitats. Learn more about Whale Activity Tracking in our glossary.
When Moon
"When Moon" refers to the phase or position of the moon in its lunar cycle, often used in contexts related to astronomy, astrology, or cultural events. Learn more about When Moon in our glossary.
Whiskers
Whiskers are the vertical lines extending from candlestick charts that indicate the highest and the lowest points of a trading pair. Learn more about Whiskers in our glossary. Explo
White Hat Computer Hacker
A White Hat Computer Hacker is an ethical security expert who uses their skills to identify and fix vulnerabilities in computer systems, networks, and software. Learn more about White Hat Computer Hacker in...
White Swan Event
A White Swan Event is a predictable, significant event that can be anticipated and prepared for, unlike a Black Swan Event which is unexpected and rare. Learn more about White Swan Event in our glossary.
White label
White label refers to a business practice where a product or service is produced by one company but rebranded and sold by another company as its own. Learn more about White label in our glossary.
Whitelisting
Whitelisting is a cybersecurity practice that involves creating a list of approved and trusted entities, such as IP addresses, email addresses, applications, or websites, which are granted access to a system
Whitepaper
A whitepaper is a comprehensive document that outlines key information about a specific project. Learn more about Whitepaper in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understan
Winding Down
Winding Down: The process of gradually reducing activity or intensity, often to relax or prepare for rest. Learn more about Winding Down in our glossary. Explore this glossary term
Winding Up
"Winding Up" refers to the process of closing down a business or organization. Learn more about Winding Up in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand key aspects and
Withdrawal Bottleneck
The term withdrawal bottleneck refers to a situation where there is a delay or obstruction in the process of withdrawing funds or resources, often due to procedural inefficiencies, regulatory constraints, or
Witness
A ‘witness’ is a transaction signature attesting to the authenticity of a specific transaction, verifying a cryptographic claim. Learn more about Witness in our glossary. Explore th
Wormhole
The Solana Wormhole is a communication bridge that links Solana to decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. Learn more about Wormhole in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to u
Wrapped Bitcoin
Wrapped Bitcoin is a tokenized representation of Bitcoin that is interoperable with decentralized applications on the Ethereum blockchain. Learn more about Wrapped Bitcoin in our glossary.
Wrapped Ether
Wrapped Ether (WETH) is an ERC-20 compatible token that is pegged to Ether at a 1:1 ratio. Learn more about Wrapped Ether in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to understand k
Wrench Attack
A wrench attack is a form of theft that uses physical force or intimidation to compel victims to surrender access to their assets. Learn more about Wrench Attack in our glossary. Ex

XBT
XBT is a commonly used ticker symbol for Bitcoin, particularly in the context of financial markets and exchanges. Learn more about XBT in our glossary. Explore this glossary term to
XRP
XRP is primarily used for facilitating cross-border transactions between financial institutions, businesses, and individuals, acting as a bridge currency in the XRP Ledger by facilitating exchanges between

YTD
YTD stands for "Year to Date." It is a term commonly used in finance and business to refer to the period starting from the beginning of the current year up to the present date. Learn more about YTD in our gl...
Year To Date
Year to date (YTD) is the measurement of an asset’s performance beginning from the start of the calendar or fiscal year to the present date. Learn more about Year To Date in our glossary.
Yield
In cryptocurrency, ‘yield’ refers to the return or profit generated from holding or staking digital assets through DeFi protocols. Learn more about Yield in our glossary. Explore th
Yield Farming
Yield farming is a process for users to be rewarded with tokens or fees for locking up their cryptocurrency. Learn more about Yield Farming in our glossary. Explore this glossary te
Yield Tokenization Strategies
Yield tokenization strategies involve converting the potential returns from an asset or investment into digital tokens on a blockchain. Learn more about Yield Tokenization Strategies in our glossary.

ZK Rollup
A Zero-Knowledge (ZK) rollup is a Layer-2 scaling solution for blockchains, particularly designed to improve scalability and reduce transaction costs. Learn more about ZK Rollup in our glossary.
ZK-SNARK
A ZK-SNARK is a cryptographic technique used to prove possession of certain information without revealing that information itself. Learn more about ZK-SNARK in our glossary. Explore
ZK-STARK
A ZK-STARK is a cryptographic proof system used in blockchain and cryptocurrencies designed to provide a way for users to prove the validity of certain information or computations without revealing any of the
Zero Confirmation Transaction
A zero confirmation transaction is any transaction that has not been recorded or validated on a blockchain. Learn more about Zero Confirmation Transaction in our glossary. Explore t
Zero-Knowledge Machine Learning (zkML)
Zero-knowledge machine learning is a cryptographic technique that facilitates the verification of machine learning models on blockchain protocols without disclosing the underlying computations or data.
Zero-Knowledge Proof
A Zero-Knowledge (ZK) proof is a system that allows a party to prove their possession of certain information without revealing the information itself. Learn more about Zero-Knowledge Proof in our glossary.
Zero-Knowledge Rollups
Zero-Knowledge Rollups are layer-2 scaling solutions that moves computation workload and state storage outside the main blockchain. Learn more about Zero-Knowledge Rollups in our glossary.
Zero-Value Transfer Scam
A zero-transfer phishing attack is where attackers send users transactions with no value to trick them into copying fake wallet addresses. Learn more about Zero-Value Transfer Scam in our glossary.
Zero-knowledge Proof Transactions
Zero-knowledge proof transactions are a cryptographic method used to enhance privacy and security in digital transactions. Learn more about Zero-knowledge Proof Transactions in our glossary.
Zero-slippage Trading Algorithms
Zero-slippage trading algorithms are advanced computational strategies designed to execute trades at the exact price expected, eliminating the discrepancy between the intended and actual execution price.

Glossary of Terms

0x Protocol

24H Change

24H Volume

3D Secure

51% Attack

7D

A One Time Password (OTP)

A2A Payments

AI Agents

AI Coins

AI Data Center

AML compliance

API Key Management

API Throttling

API request

API response

Abenomics

Abnormal Return

Absolute Return

Account Abstraction

Accounting Method

Accredited investors

Accrual Accounting

Accrue

Accrued Income

Accrued Interest

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued Revenue

Accumulation Phase

Acid Test Ratio

Acquiring Bank

Acquisition Premium

Active Balance

Active Management

Activist Investor

Adam Back

Administrative expenses

Adoption Curve

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

Agency Execution

Agency Problem

Agency Theory

Aggregate demand

Aggregated liquidity

Aggressive Investment Strategy

Air Gap

Airdrop

Airdrop Scams

Akash Network

Alan Greenspan

Algorithm

Algorithmic Execution

Algorithmic Stablecoin

Algorithmic arbitrage

Algorithmic orders

Algotraders

All-Time High (ATH)

All-Time Low (ATL)

Allocation

Alpha

Alpha version

Altcoin

Altcoin Summer

Altcoin Trader

Alternative Payment Methods (APMs)

Alternative investments

Amalgamation

Amazon Resource Name (ARN)

Amended return

Anarcho-capitalism

Anchoring & Adjustment

Annual Percentage Rate (APR)

Annual percentage yield (APY)

Annual report

Annualized Rate of Return

Anti-Money Laundering (AML)

Anti-Phishing Code

Antpool

Apeing