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UTXO Meaning

UTXO stands for unspent transaction output, a fundamental concept in blockchains like Bitcoin that use a UTXO-based accounting model. In this model, each transaction consumes one or more previous outputs as inputs and produces new outputs, some of which are spent (sent to a recipient) and others that remain unspent.

These unspent outputs collectively represent the current balances available to users and can be thought of as individual digital coins. Unlike account-based models, where balances are maintained by updating a single account state, UTXO systems require validating the entire chain of transactions to ensure that an output has not been spent before.

This design provides transparency and enhances security, because each UTXO can only be spent once.

Wallet software builds transactions by aggregating multiple UTXOs to reach the desired amount and then returns any change to a new UTXO controlled by the sender.

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